费力好大劲才搞到的 地理信息系统 gis 英语论文

M.K.McCall/HabitatInternational27(2003)549–573569

identifythosefeaturesthatmakeP-GISutilisingISKmorecompatiblewiththetenetsandmeasuresofgoodgovernanceinPSP.

7.5.Legitimacy

P-GIS(andP-mapping)createopportunitiestovisualisethe(spatial)interests,needsandpotentialsofgroupsdisparateintermsoflocality,ethnicity,gender,orclass.Thus,theycanworktowardsbettergovernance,inthatthe‘governing’recogniseandappreciatetherepresentationsofthelegitimateinterestsofthe‘governed’.

However,muchofwhattermsitself‘P-GIS’and‘participatoryplanning’correspondstotheweakestoftheparticipationintentions(Section4)andisconcernedonlywith‘facilitating’more‘ef cient’implementation.Insuchapplications,alazyapproachistakenintermsofwhatsortsofindigenousknowledgearecollected,andthereisusuallyverylittle‘triangulation’(cross-checking)whichisasinequanonofPRA.

7.6.Respectforrights

Explicitly,P-GISprovidesaframeworkforlegal,politicalandadministrative(planning)legitimacy,suchaswithP-GIS/P-mapsusedforregisteringandlegalisingcustomarylandorneighbourhoodclaims.P-GISiscapableofsystematicallyidentifyingandrepresentingthespatialrightsofpeopletotheirlandandlandresources,intermsofownership,access,useandmanagement.

Implicitly,theapplicationofP-GISrespectsthevalueandintegrityofindigenouslocalknowledgeasanessentialelementinparticipatoryplanning;andP-GISworkstooperationaliseITK/ISKbylocating,analysingandpresentingit.

7.7.Equity

WhenP-GISisappliedtoequitymapping,itreinforcesarespectforminorities,theinarticulate,andtheresource-andpower-poor.

Thedistributionoverspaceofservices,functionsandresources(fromgovernmentorprivatesector)arehighlightedinP-GISindicators,morethaninaconventionalGIS.Moreoverthesourcesofinformationfortheseindicatorsarethepeopleaffected,notjustthetechnicalplanners.ItispertinentthatP-GISimplies‘people’sparticipation’atleasttosomedegree,whichformsthebasisforequityaswellaslegitimacy.

petence(ef ciency)

Onthisgovernancedimension,P-GISisnotsodifferentfromconventionalGIS,buttheparticipatoryelementinP-GISaddsthefactorthattheef ciencyandeffectivenessofthegoverningtowardsthegoverned—intermsofserviceprovision,responsetoneeds—canbetransparentlytested.