教育部考试中心考研英语翻译模拟试题汇编(8)

业。科学家和技术人员的研究活动的差异与下列因素有关：不同的教育要求、社会地位、术语、方法论、奖励方式、以及机构目标职业目标，但纵观历史，许多“纯”科学家既有理论建树也有实用创新。

人们认为科学为技术创新提供理念，因此，对于工业文明中的任何一次意义重大的进步，纯理论的研究是必不可少的，当然，这种观念其实是没有事实根据的。大多数工业文明的伟大改变都与实验室研究无关，机械、化工、天文、冶金、水利领域的基本工具及流程早在决定

它们功能的法则被发现之前就已存在。例如，早在热动力学解释了蒸汽机操作的物理原理之前，蒸汽机已广泛存在。 最近几年，科学和技术之间的价值分歧越来越尖锐。科学进步经常遭到激烈的反对，然而，

现在有很多人对技术的恐惧甚于对科学的担心。对于这些人来说，科学或许被看成是一种平静的、客观的理解自然永恒法则的出发点，而如今在他们看来，现代世界里技术的实际运用似乎已失去控制。 许多科学史家认为，技术不仅是先进的工业文明必不可少的条件，而且在最近的几个世纪里，技术变革的速度已形成了自身的势头。现在技术创新的速度似乎以几何级别在增长，远远超出了地理和政治的限定。这些技术创新往往会改变传统的文化体制，并常常带来难以预料的社会后果。所以，技术应被看作是既有进步性也有毁灭性的过程。

2010年教育部考试中心考研英语翻译模拟试题(三) 2010

年教育部考试中心考研英语模拟试

题

- 翻译部分汇编 三、美国教育系统

(46) not mention the emphasis that many colleges and universities place upon the nonacademic, social,“extracurricular”aspect of education, often defined as personal growth. Perhaps a useful way of viewing the notion of personal growth would be to picture the very large and general term“education” as being all-embracing, including as subsets within it academic and nonacademic components.

This may be one of the most difficult concepts to convey to someone who is not intimately familiar with American higher education. Few educational systems in other countries place the same emphasis on this blend of academic and personal education. The majority of colleges and universities in the United States make some attempt to integrate personal and intellectual growth in the undergraduate years. (47) If the ultimate goal of undergraduate education in America were simply to convey a set body of knowledge, the term of studies could undoubtedly be reduced. Yet the terms of studies are extended in order to give students a chance to grow and develop in other ways.

Numerous opportunities are made available to students to become involved in sports, student government, musical and dramatic organizations, and countless other organized and individual activities designed to enhance one's personal growth and provide some recreation and enjoyment outside of the classroom. (48) Experience with campus organizations and off-campus community involvement can be highly valuable in preparing international students for future leadership in their professional field upon their return home.