从认知心理学角度探讨母语在英语学习中的积极(13)

时间:2025-02-24

讨母语在英语学习中的积极作用

empiricalresearchwasbeginningtoshowthatlearningdifficultiesdonotalwaysarise

fromCROSS-linguisticdifferencesandthatdifficultiesdo

notalways

predictedbyCA

(Odlin,1989:1刀.An

even

OCC㈣Ce

mo咒seriouschallenge

to

thevalidityofCAisthe

of

errors

thatcannotbeattributedtonativelanguageinfluence.Further

canle

questioningoftheworthofCAthatbecameknowngenerically

fromclassificationoflearners’eTl'Ol'Sinstudies

as

Error

Analysis(EA).Some

erl'ols

se@nltoarise

not

frompurelinguisticdifferences,butfromother¥OUl'ceSsuchastransferoftraining,

thatis,theinfluencesthatarisefromtheway

studentistaught(Selinker,1972;

Stenson,1974&Felix,1981).

Somescholars(e.g.White,L.,1986&Rivers,W.,1970)suggestedthatCAhadpredictivepowerandthatcontrastivestudiescouldonly

no

beuseful

afterthefact.In

otherwords,acomparisonoftheMTandTLwillbeusefulfurexplainingwhycertain

eITo幅ariSe,butinthe

absenceofactualdata

aboutlearners’errors,little

gall

be

reliablypredicted.Howmuch

CAcaIlor

shouldpredicthasremained

controve娼ial

questionup

to

thepresent.Therefore,theBehaviourismwasstepbysteplosingits

popularity.

1.5.2

LanguageTransferin

InterlanguageHypothesis

resultoflearner's

Inthisperiod,SLAWas

no

longer

MTtransfer.The

riseof

Chomsky’SUniversalGrammarSaWtheneworientationoflanguage

transfer如砌y.

1.5.2.IUniversalGrammarandInterlanguageHypothesis

1k

foundationof

Chomsky’S

UniversalGrammar(UG)istheinbornLanguage

Acquisition

Devices(LAD).UGisprepmgrammed

beginningto

ineveryone’smindanditis

not

activatedupon

learn.The

errors

empiricalresearchesinthe70sshowed

onlythesimilarityofSome

madebylearnersofmanydifferent

or

language

backgrounds,butalsothe

similarity

someerro墙in

beth

first

and

secondlanguage

acquisition.What’S

errors

more,EAofthe1960s

and

1970s

showed

thatsome

typesof

arecommoninmanysecondlanguagespeakerswithdifferent

M1b.Therefore.

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