亚洲开发银行资助项目(13)

亚洲开发银行资助项目

The SA of a project addresses the following questions mainly: Which groups are involved in the project? What impacts may the project have on them? What do they feel about, and expect and claim of the project? What impacts do they have on the project? In sum, SA is to incorporate the expectations of such stakeholders into project design and implementation, and to ensure the participation of all stakeholders in the project utilizing a series of methods and measures.

Project SA is focused on the three dimensions of poverty analysis, social analysis and social risk analysis, in which poverty analysis is focused on the poverty reduction role of the project for the affected area, groups and individuals, and the benefits and damages of the poor arising from the project; social analysis includes stakeholder analysis, social gender analysis, the positive and negative impacts of the project, consultation and participation (C&P); social risk analysis includes involuntary resettlement, ethnic minorities and other vulnerability risks, in which other risks may include risks in labor employment and ability to pay, as well as AIDS virus/ADIS dissemination and trafficking in persons for large infrastructure projects, etc.

A good SA is a process of ensuring that all stakeholders are involved in the project, the project objectives are realized and the project benefits are improved. Through SA, the investor and employer of a project can identify and effectively evade potential social risks, ensure the successful implementation of the project, and improve project benefits. At the same time, all stakeholders are given the opportunity to express their voice and expectations, and involved in project design and implementation through a complete participation mechanism, so as to

improve the project’s adaptability to local conditions, and enable the project to be accepted by the local social and cultural environment and be supported by the local government and residents. In sum, project SA is conducive to coordinating the relationship between project construction and social development, promoting the benign operation of the project and evading social risks arising from the project, thereby realizing the project objectives

successfully.

4. SA at different stages

The scope and methodology of project SA may vary with the objectives, scope, target beneficiary population and local social and economic environment of a project, but the SA analysis framework is largely the same for all projects. The SA of a project collects social and economic information, stakeholders’ demographic characteristics, and information on local traditional cultures, customs, religious believes, social organizations and social networks that may potentially affect the project in a participatory manner, analyzes social factors that affect the project’s effectiveness, and the possible social risks and consequences arising from the project, and proposes specific measures and inputs to optimize the project design, reduce or avoid negative social impacts, reduce social risks and improve the effectiveness of the project.

SA runs through all stages of a project, but different stages of the project lifecycle may be focused on different SA aspects and methods. Generally, a preliminary social analysis should be made at the project identification stage, a detailed social analysis at the preparation stage, SAP (Social Action Program) monitoring at the implementation stage, and final reporting SA at the closing stage. Post-SA may also be conducted if necessary.

A. SA at the project identification stage

SA at the identification stage is usually done by ADB social development experts, who identify the stakeholders and the key social factors related to the fulfillment of the project