新托福iBT词汇分类突破(12)

托福

32. Casting is accomplished in two stages: &(1) an impression or negative mold is

formed from the original — a clay model, for instance — and &(2) a positive cast or reproduction is made of the original work from the negative impression. casting [ ] n. 铸造

impression [ ] n. 印痕

negative mold [ ] [ ] n. 凹模

clay [ ] n. 黏土，泥土

positive cast [ ] [ ] n. 正像

reproduction [ ] n. 复制品

33. Pitch depends upon the rate of vibration, or frequency, of sound waves that

produce a particular tone. Most Western music was based on 12 equivalent intervals per octave; however, a great deal of Western folk music conforms to pentatonic scale, the best-known form of which contains no half steps.

pitch [ ] n. 音高

vibration [ ] n. 振动

frequency [ ] n. 频率

tone [ ] n. 音调

equivalent interval [ ] [ ] n. 等间隔的音程

octave [ ] n. 八度音程(音阶)

folk [ ] adj. 民间的

conform [ ] v. (+to/with)遵照，依照

pentatonic [ ] adj. 五声音阶的

scale [ ] n. 音阶

step [ ] n. 音级

relief [ ] n. 浮雕

34. Rhythm is the way music uses time, which includes characteristics such as

duration of tones and silences, and patterns of duration.

rhythm [ ] n. 节奏

characteristic [ ] n. 特性

duration [ ] n. 持续时间

35. The most important and style-defining patterns are formed by pitches that

overlap with one another in time, producing a chord, or harmony. Two or more tones heard simultaneously may belong to separate melodies that fit well

together, but which occupy different octave registers, have distinct rhythmic patterns, or otherwise have different shapes or contours.

style-defining [ ] adj. 定义完整的，仔细定义过的

overlap [ ] v. 与……重叠

chord [ ] n. 和弦

harmony [ ] n. 和声

simultaneously [ ] adv. 同时地