新托福iBT词汇分类突破(19)

托福

costume [ ] n. 装束

makeup [ ] n. 化妆品

gesture [ ] n. 造型

pantomime [ ] n. 哑剧表演

46. In addition to the actor and the audience in a space, other elements of theater

include a written or improvised text, costumes, scenery, lights, sound, and

properties (props). Most theatrical performances require the collaborative

efforts of many creative people, including dramaturge, craftspeople, designer, composer, or choreographer and managers working toward a common goal: the production. The performance is very often a play — a tragedy, comedy, or musical — but it need not be. Theater performances include vaudeville, puppet shows, mime, and other forms of entertainment. Theatrical texts, often referred to as drama, usually provide the vital framework of a performance. In Aristotle’s

famous definition, drama is an imitation of an action that is whole, complete, and of a certain magnitude or scope.

audience [ ] n. 观众

improvised [ ] adj. 即兴的

scenery [ ] n. 舞台布景

property [ ] n. 道具

props [ ] n. 小道具

collaborative [ ] adj. 协作的

dramaturge [ ] n. 剧作家

craftspeople [ ] n. 道具师

composer [ ] n. 作曲家

choreographer [ ] n. 舞蹈指导

production [ ] n. 作品，成品，电影制片

tragedy [ ] n. 悲剧

comedy [ ] n. 喜剧

vaudeville [ ] n. 歌舞杂耍

puppet show [ ] [ ] n. 木偶剧

mime [ ] n. 笑剧

theatrical text [ ] [ ] n. 戏剧文本

drama [ ] n. 戏剧

framework [ ] n. 结构

magnitude [ ] n. 量值

scope [ ] n. 范围

47. Theater can serve many ends. It can be designed to entertain, instruct,

motivate, persuade, and even shock. But whatever the intentions of the director, performers, and crew, the result depends on the interaction with an audience. The audience affects the performance by providing the performers with

immediate feedback, such as laughter, tears, applause, or silence. Each night there is continuous interaction between the auditorium and the stage.

Ultimately, audiences make their opinions known through their attendance or nonattendance. They support what appeals to them and generally fail to support