新托福iBT词汇分类突破(3)

托福

6. A big city, or metropolis, is often accompanied by suburbs. Such cities are

usually associated with metropolitan areas and urban sprawl, creating large

amounts of business commuters. Once a city sprawls far enough to reach another city, this region can be deemed a conurbation or megalopolis.

metropolis [ ] n. 大城市

suburb [ ] n. 城郊(缩写: sub [ ])

be associated with [ ] [ ] [ ] v. 与……相关

metropolitan [ ] adj. 大城市的

urban [ ] adj. 城市的

sprawl [ ] n. (城市的)无计划扩展

commuter [ ] n. 通勤者: 定期从一地到另一地旅行的人, 如从郊区到城市并

回来

deem [ ] v. 视为

conurbation [ ] n. (连带卫星城镇和市郊的)大都市

megalopolis [ ] n. 特大城市

7. Sanitation is the hygienic means of preventing human contact from the hazards

of wastes, either physical, microbiological, biological or chemical agents of disease, which include human and animal feces, solid wastes, domestic

wastewater (sewage, sullage, greywater), etc. Hygienic means of prevention can be practiced by using simple technologies (e. g. latrines, septic tanks), or by personal hygiene practices.

sanitation [ ] n. 公共卫生

hygienic [ ] adj. 卫生学的(hygiene [ ] 卫生学)

microbiological [ ] adj. 微生物学的

agent [ ] n. 媒介

feces [ ] n. 粪便

domestic [ ] adj. 家庭的

sewage [ ] n. 污水

sullage [ ] n. (房屋、街道等排出的)污物

greywater [ ] n. 生活污水

latrine [ ] n. 公共厕所

septic tank [ ] [ ] n. 化粪池

personal hygiene practice [ ] [ ] [ ] v. 个人卫生

习惯

8. A public utility (usually just utility) is a company that maintains and provides the

infrastructure for a public service. Although utilities can be privately owned or publicly owned, they often involve natural monopolies.

public utility [ ] [ ] n. 公用事业

infrastructure [ ] n. 基础设施

privately owned [ ] [ ] adj. 私有

publicly owned [ ] [ ] adj. 公有

monopoly [ ] n. 垄断