新托福iBT词汇分类突破(4)

时间：2025-07-08

托福

9. The field of transport has several aspects: infrastructure, vehicles, and

operations. Infrastructure includes the transport networks (roads, railways, airways, waterways, canals, pipelines, etc.) that are used, as well as the nodes or terminals (such as airports, railway stations, bus stations and seaports). Vehicles travelling on the networks will include automobiles, bicycles, buses, trains and aircraft. The operations deal with the way the vehicles are operated on the

network and the procedures set for this purpose including the legal environment (Laws, Codes, Regulations, etc.) Policies, such as how to finance the system (for example, the use of tolls or gasoline taxes) may be considered part of the operations.

vehicle [ ] n. 交通工具

operation [ ] n. 运营

canal [ ] n. 运河

pipeline [ ] n. 管道，输送管道

node [ ] n. 中转站

terminal [ ] n. 终点站

seaport [ ] n. 港口

law [ ] n. 法律

code [ ] n. 法规

regulation [ ] n. 规章制度

toll [ ] n. 通行费

gasoline [ ] n. 汽油

10. Rail transport is the conveyance of passengers and goods by means of wheeled

vehicles specially designed to run along railways or railroads. Typical railway tracks consist of two parallel rails, normally made of steel, secured to

crossbeams, termed ties. The ties maintain a constant distance between the two rails; a measurement known as the "gauge" of the track. To maintain the

alignment of the track it is either laid on a bed of ballast or else secured to a solid concrete foundation. Rail transport is an energy-efficient and

capital-intensive component of logistics; in contrast, a traditional wagon can carry no more than several tons of freight.

rail transport [ ] [ ] n. 铁路运输

conveyance [ ] n. 运送

by means of [ ] [ ] [ ] prep. 通过……方式

consist of [ ] [ ] v. 由……组成

secure to [ ] [ ] v. 固定在……

crossbeam [ ] n. 横梁

tie [ ] n. 枕木

gauge [ ] n. 轨距

alignment [ ] n. 直线排列

ballast [ ] n. 道碴

concrete [ ] n. 混凝土