It is called variation. 这是磁差。

33, Where can you always find information about the magnetic variation? 你总是在哪里可以找到关于磁差变化信息?

Magnetic variation can be found on a chart in the center of the compass rose(方位圈)or indicated by isogonic lines (等磁差曲线)or found in a note on the chart. 磁差变化可以在海图中间方位圈或等磁差曲线或海图的标题栏上找到。

34. When a ship picks up speed (加速) will draught increase or decrease? 当一艘船加速吃水线增加还是减少?

When a ship picks up speed, her draught will increase. 当一艘舰船加速,她的吃水将增加

35. A ship ahead of you has hoisted the signal flag “o”, what has happened? 一艘船在你前面,把信号旗有“o”,是什么事呢?

It indicates the ship has man overboard. 这预示着船已有人掉下水。

第六章 修船与船体保养

口述题

1 1 After some time of sailing, the ship’s hull, equipment may be rusted, worn out and defects appear. These will affect the ship’s safety and function. So it is necessary to carry out ship’s repair。远航一段时间后,这艘船的船体、设备可能会生锈磨损, 出现缺陷。这些都会影响船舶的安全和功能。因此,有必要进行船舶修理。

2 Before the ship’s repair, there are some formalities.(1)Determine the scope and items of ship’ repair according to the condition of the ship and the requirements of the ship’ surveyor. (2)Write up the repair list and requirements of the repair in detail.(3) Report to the company for approval. 在船上修理之前,有一些手续。(1)决定了船修理规模的大小、修复项目根据船只情况和验船师要求认证。(2)写出修理列表和要求的修理细节。(3)向公司报告批准。

3 Special attention :Pay attention to fire protection and safety. 3个特别注意:注意防火和安全。

1 ）Preparations before hull maintenance:(1)Determine the items of maintenance ,e.g ship’ hull, deck. Get the relative tools and materials ready. 准备船体维护:(1)确定的项目的维修、例句船的船体,甲板上。获得相关工具和材料准备好了。

2） Contents of hull maintenance .船体保养内容

(1)The main contents of hull maintenance is derusting and painting.主要保养内容是除锈和油漆

(2) The rested plates should be chipped and scraped to bare metal and painted. 其他船体应该除锈并且出白然后油漆。

3） The cautions to be taken: Pay attention to fire protection and safety.

应当采取的注意事项:注意防火和安全。

3 Periodic overhaul to navigational aids can prevent costly repairs. Extended operation of the instrument is due for overhaul otherwise will result in erratic performance and it is dangerous for the safety of the vessel. 助航器定期检修,可以防止昂贵的维修费用。长期的船只应定期检修否则将产生错误的性能对船安全是非常危险的The most common instrument to be overhauled includes the gyro compass and the chronometers. 最常见的检查工具,包括陀螺罗经和天文钟。 Overhauls to navigational aids should be done by professional certified technicians and the process should be recorded in the Record Book对助航设备的大修应该由专业认证的技术人员修理被修过程应该记录在对应记录簿. Readjustment is necessary right after the overhaul. For example for the gyro compass, the residual deviations should be checked and readjusted.在大修后在进行读数的调整。例如为陀螺罗经,需要调整检查误差。

4 1 Preparations before the maintenance: (1)Determine the items of maintenance of riggings.

(2)Get the maintenance tools and materials ready. 在维护前的准备(1)确定维修项目索具。2)准备好维修工具和材料。

2 The contents of the maintenance of riggings:(1)All cargo wires and topping lift wires to be wire brushed, cleaned and greased.(2) The turning accessories of riggings to be dismantled ,examined cleaned, greased, repaired if necessary and refitted. (3)All blocks to be dismantled, overhauled, measured, well greased, painted and repaired if necessary, then reassembled in order. 维护索具内容:(1)所有吊货钢丝和千斤索、用钢丝刷刷 清洁和加油。(2)索具的旋转部件应拆开,检查,清洁,修理有必要要加油。(3)所有吊艇滑车应拆开,检查,、测量、加油,刷漆修理,如果有必要修理,然后在重新完好组装。

3 The cautions to be taken: Pay attention to the safety and maintenance quality. 应注意:请注意安全、维修质量。

1 To keep the ship and ship’s equipment in good working condition. 1保持船、船用设备处于良好的工作状态。

2. The chief officer is in charge of the much maintenance work of deck department on board. 在船上大幅负责大部分甲板部的保养，维护工作。

3. Yes, there are voyage repair, annual repair, temporary repair, permanent repair, major repair, minor repair and average repair. 是的,有航次修理、年度维修、临时抢修,永久的修理、大修,较小的维修和平均修理

4. The repair is carried out in a period of a voyage.航行了一段时间之后的修理。

5. The repairs are the important ones. 修理是重要的