映像的论证、阐述和理解——电气工程英语中的(21)
发布时间:2021-06-07
发布时间:2021-06-07
Reasoning,StatingandUnderstandingWithImages
truthintermsofliteralmeaningandtruth.
(ij)Interaction
Theories
Theliterarytheoristoftheearliestmodern
I.A.Richards(1936),was
tO
thefirst
one
whoadvocatedthat
one
alternatives
thesimiletheorywasthe‘interaction’viewof
metaphor.Suchtheorieshavetwocentral“cognitive
claims:(i)thatmetaphorshave
an
irreducible
content,”and(ii)thatthiscognitivecontent(or“meaning”)is
producedb3,the
the
“interaction”ofdifferentcognitivesystems.Interactionists‘‘cognitivecontents”ofmetaphorsliteralexpression.
ConsideroneofBlack’Sbeing
a
generallyclaimthat
are
can
betrue,eventhoughthey
notamenableto
examples(Black1962)"“Man
is
a
wolf.”Thepropertiesof
are
predator,travelinginpacks:andbeingfierceandruthless
are
allcommonplaces
associatedwith“wolf.:’ThesepropertiesthereforeinstrumentaltOcomprehendingthe
metaphor:they
serveas
the“filter”forthinkingaboutmankind,byemphasizingjust
those
commonplacesof“man’’thatfitwiththem.Themetaphor’S“cognitivecontent’’ormeaningisthedistinctivewayofthinkingaboutmankindthatthisNotice
herethat,“commonplaces’’need
not
filterin喜produces.
be
true.What
mattersisnottheactual
propertiesofthe.those
objects
denoted,or
even
thepropertiesthatspeakersandhearersbelieve
objectstOpossess,butratherwhatthedenotingexpressions“Calltomind.’’
Theinteractiontheory’Scentralmotivationistoaccountfortheapparentfactthat
metaphorsfunction
as
powerfulcognitive‘tools:as
devicesthatenable
UStobetter
understandtheworldinwhichwelive.Thomas
Kuhn(ThomasKuhn,1979)andRichard
Boyd(RichardBoyd,1979)amongothersheldtheview,thatscientificmodelsappearto
increasescientists’.understandingoftheuniverse.TheinteractiontheoryalsocomportswellwithLakoff’Sview(LakoffandJohnson1980,1999,&Lakoffamongcertain。cognitivescientists,thatordinarythoughtandirreducibly,metaphorical.
reason
1993),popular
largely,and
are
㈣)Gricean
Gricean
Theories
theories(Grice1975)of.metaphor
are
in
thefirstinstancetheories
of
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