映像的论证、阐述和理解——电气工程英语中的(10)

发布时间:2021-06-07

Reasoning,StatingandUnderstandingWith

Images

ChapterII

2.1ESPinPerspective

2.1.1

ESP&EEE

EmergenceofESP

Aswithmostdevelopmentsinhumanactivity,ESPwasnot

movement,butrather

plannedandcoherent

phenomenonthatgrewoutof

numberofconvergingtrends.

Thesetrendshaveoperatedinthree.main

reasons

varied,ofways

aroundtheworld,butwecanidentify

commontotheemergenceofallESE

ThefirstistheexpansionofdemandforEnglishtosuitparticularneeds.TheendoftheSecond

WorldWar

in

1945heralded

an

ageof

enormous

an

and

unprecedented

expansioninscientific:technicalandeconomicactivit3,on

expansion

internationalscale.This

created’a

in

worldtheir

unifiedand

dominatedby

soon

two

forces--technology

and

cornmerce--w,hich

relentless

progressgenerated

demand

for

an

internationallanguage.Forvariousreasons,mostnotablytheeconomicpoweroftheUnited

Statesinthepost-warworld,thisrolefelltoEnglish.AsEnglishbecamethe

acceptedinternationallanguageoftechnologyandcommerce,itcreatedoflearnerswhoknewspecificallywhytheywerelearning-womenwhowanted

to

newgeneration

and

language--businessmen

sell

theirproducts,mechanicswhohadtoreadinstruction

manuals,doctorswhoneededtokeepupwithdevelopmentsintheirfieldandrangeofstudentswhose

course

whole

ofstudyincludedtextbooksand

journalsonlyavailablein

English.AlltheseandmanyothersneededEngHshand,mostimportantly,theyknewwhytheyneededit.

Atthesame

t.ime,influential

newideasbegan

to

emergeinthestudyoflanguage

TraditionallytheaimoflinguisticshadbeentodescribetherulesofEnglishusage,thatis,

thegrammar.Howeverthenet,studiesshiftedattentionawayfrom

definingtheformal

featuresofreal

language

usagetodiscoveringthewaysinwhichlanguageisactuallyusedin

findingofthisresearch

communication(Widdowson,1978).One

wasthatthe

languagespokenandwrittenvariesconsiderably,andin

numberofdifferentways,from

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