映像的论证、阐述和理解——电气工程英语中的(18)

发布时间:2021-06-07

complainedbitterly

thatall

thosetheories

in

philosophy

whichexpressed

only

in

metaphoricalterms,arenotrealtruths,butthemeetproductsofimagination,dressedupin

fewspangledemptywords.Inthefollowing1690quotefromthegreatBritish

philosopher,JohnLocke,“rhetoric”and“artificialandfigurativeapplicationofwords’’

includemetaphorandanalogy,andabitmorebesides.

Mostofour’ideasofmodernscienceanddemocracyhave.developedfromthis

Enlightenmentdesireforopenclarity,andithasclearlyreshaped

ButOVer

our

world.

the

neat

coupleofcenturies,itbecameincreasinglyobviousthatthe

an

super—rationalvisionoftheEnlightenmentwasover-reaction.Bythelate1800sand

early1900swefindwritersandartistsincreasingl3,exploringthemurkydepthsofhumanmotivation,andpeoplelikeSigmundFreud,workingwithpsychiatricpatients,tr3,ingto

come

upⅥ7ith

theoriesto

explain

tO

what

theyseemed

tobe

finding.TheFreudian

:Unconscious’wassupposeduse‘PrimaryThinking’whichwaslargelymetaphoricalin

metaphor,story—tellingandhypnosiswasused

tO

nature,asindreams.Amixtureof

extraordinaryeffectbytheremarkablepsychotherapistMiltonErickson,whowasactivemainlybetweenthe1930sand1960s,thoughhisinfluenceisstillbeingfelt50yearslater.

IvanA.Richard,Englishwriter,deliveredaseriesofsixlecturestoBryn

Mawr

College,intheUSA,ofwhichthelasttwo

are

deliveredtometaphorin1936.Hesaid

(!vanA.Richard,1936):“Theneglectofthestudyofthemodesofmetaphorinthelater

19mCenturywasdue,Ithink,to

generalfeelingthatthosemethodsofinquirywere

unprofitable;

andthetimewasnotripefor

newattack.Iamnot

sure

thatitisyetripe

inspiteofallthatColeridgeandBenthamdidtowards

ripeningit.Verylikely.anewattemptmustagainleadintoartificialitiesandarbitrarinesses.’’Heseemstohavebeenwellawarethathisideaswereawarethathisideaswerebeforetheirtime:

Infact,the‘ripening’processhastakenthehugedevelopmentsincognitivescience,

computing,n9urophysiology,etc.thatwouldhavebeeninconceivabletoRichardsin1936.Notthathefeltdiscouragedby‘unripeness’一hecontinues:

Inthis

subject,Richardsaid(Richards,1936,PP.115)it

isbettertomake

mistake

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