新版“英语国家概况”精讲笔记(21)

formalities to become a and higher education.②理，私立由宗教团体、或非Secondary schools are member of either party. Elementary and But there are some differences between them. The Democrats traditionally favour government

secondary

education,which forms

性大学；2.博士学位大学；

宗教性质的个人或组织来创also called high schools 3.硕士学位综合和学建；4.《宪法第十修正案》in the United Stetes, 把教育包括在 只属于州和

covering grades 9-12,the junior high

院；4.文科学院；5.两年专科学院；6.专科学院 Famous

public education, is free 人民‘的职责中，这清晰表

and compulsory③public 明教育是州的职能，并非联school 6or 7-9,and the universities:Harvard,Yaland private

邦政府的；5.教育政策和教high school 10-12. High e,Princeton,Columbia 学实践的多样性和类同性

schools are made up of and MIT（Massachusetts comprehensive, academic, vocational and technical schools

Institute of

Technology）,Stanford,Berkeley.哈佛，耶鲁，普

intervention (主张政府干schools:Public schools 涉经济)while the Republicans stress the

are created, financially 2）Elementary and supported and governed secondary educationin

the US

role of the market (市场by states or 作用)more. On social issue the Democrats

communities, and

Elementary schools: In with somewhat different 林斯顿，哥伦比亚，麻省理

tasks. There are 21000 工学院，斯坦福，伯克利。 public secondary

4)the admission system

private ones by religious some states the

support a strong social groups, or nonreligious elementary school

security system (社会安private organizations or covers grades 1-8, but schools and a number of in US univerisities: The 全保障体制) while the Republicans oppose large governmental

individuals.④the Tenth in some other states it private secondary Amendment to the Constitution said

general standards for

covers grades 1-5 or 6. schools in the US.中学包admission include so it takes 5,6or 8 years 括9-12年级或初中6或7success ful completion

social security programs. education was included to finish the elementary 到9，高中10-12。中学包of high school(高中毕业), In spite of these differenes, the two parties both believe in individualism, defend capitalism and uphold private ownership of

among the

responsibilities which were ―reserved to the states or the people‖,

school in the United

括不同教学任务的综合性学high school grade point

Stetes. The elementary 校，普通文化课学校和职业average(GPA)( 高中年纪school curriculum(课程) 和技术学校。共有21000mainly consists of

所公立中学和一些私立中学。

3)Different types of

平均积分点成绩) and class rank (在班级名次),results from standardized tests such

This makes it clear that mastery of the education is a function ―basics‖(基础课) ，

means of production(坚of the state, not the 持生产资料私有制) .

federal government.⑤

such as reading, writing, colleges and universities: as the Scholastic and arithmetic or

①賊~ research

Aptitude Test (SIA)(学生技能测试) and American

diversity and sameness mathematics.一些州小学universities②doctoral

Chapter 20. Education

in educational policy

包括1-8年级，但另一些是universities ③master‘s College Testing

1)Characteristics of American education: ① formal education in the US consistes of elementary, secondary

and practice. 1.正式教育1-5或6年级。所以在美国comprehensive colleges Program‘s(美国大学考试包括初等、中等、高等教育小学要花5，6或8年完成。and universities.④2.构成公共教育的初、中等小学的课程重要包括 基本

Liberal arts colleges ⑤

计划) examination. But some universities practise open admission(敞开招生):

教育是免费和义务的；3.公知识‘的掌握，比如阅读，写junior colleges ⑥立和私立学校：公立学校由作，和算术或数学。 州或社区创建、资助和管

Secondary Schools:

specialized institutions.

学院和大学的区别：1.研究they admit all high