新版“英语国家概况”精讲笔记(11)

over,2)included in the annual register of electors for the constituency,and 3)not subject to any disqualification.A candidate must deposit 500 pound.大选每5年一次，且经常不足5年就

2）The Political Party System政党体制 Since 1945 either the Conservative Party or the Labour Parth has held power.自1945年以来，一直由保守党或工党轮流执政。 Chapter 9第九章 Social Affairs英国社会 III. Religion 宗教 1. Everyone in Britain has the right to religious freedom with out interference from the community or the State. (He may believe in any church or none at all.) He may change his religion at will may manifest his faith in teaching, worship and observance. Except that the Lord Chancellor may be a Roman Catholic, public offices are open without distinction to members of all churches or none.在英国，人人都有信仰宗教的权利，社会和政府不得干涉。

2. Established churches国教 There are two established church in Britain: in England the church of England and in Scotland the (Presbyterian) Church of Scotland.英国有两大国教，在英格兰是英格兰国教，苏格兰是苏格兰教会（长老教）。 3. Church of England is uniquely related to the Crown in that the Sovereign must be a member of that Church and as ―Defender of the Faith‖. The Church is also linked with the State through the House of loads. The church of England is not free to change its form of worship, as laid down in the Book of Common Prayer without the consent of Parliament.

4. The government of the Church of

Scotland is

Presbyterian, that is, government by ministers and elders, all of whom are ordained to office. The Monarch is normally represented at the general assembly by the Lord High Commissioner.苏格兰教的管理时长老制，也就是由教士和长老治理。他们被授予圣职，王室高级代表通常代表君主光临会议。 5. Unestablished churches非国教教会 There are include: the Anglican Churches(圣公会)，the Free Churches(自由教会)；(the largest of the Free Churches – the Methodist Church 最大的自由教会—卫 理公会)，the Roman Catholic Church（罗马天主教）。

IV. Festival and Public Holidays 节假日 1.Christian festivals 基督教节日

The Christian festival of the year and Christmas, Easter, and Whit Sunday. 其主要的节日有圣诞节，

复活节，圣灵降临节 Christmas day, December 25th, celebrates the birth of Christ, and it is the greatest of Christian festivals. Easter celebrates the Resurrection (复活) of Christ. Easter is traditionally associated with the eating Easter eggs.Whit Sunday (圣灵节) celebrates the coming of the Holy Spirit to Christ‘s apostles seven days after his death, and it is on the seventh Sunday after Easter.圣诞节，12.25，纪念耶稣的诞生，是最盛大的基督教节日。

2.Other festivals 其他节日

Britain‘s other festivals include New Year‘s Day, Gy Fawkes Day (篝火节), April Fools Day（愚人节）, Mother‘s Day and the Remembrance Day (Armistice Day) 英语国家概况精讲系列（二十七） Chapter 10第十章

The education system

in Britain 1. primary education 初等教育，小学教育

Primary education is compulsory(义务教育) in Britain. It begins at five in Great Britain and four in Northern Ireland. All children have to attend primary school and they finish their primary education at the age of 11. In addition to the many state primary schools(公立小学) which do not ask their pupils to pay fees, there are also some fee-paying

independent primary schools (收费的私立小学). The most famous fee-paying primary schools are the preparatory schools which admit children from seven-plus to 11,12 or 13 years old.初等教育在英国是义务教育，大不列颠是从5岁开始，北爱尔兰是4岁。所有的孩子必须参加初等教育，并在11岁完成。除了许多国家公立小学不向学生收费外，也有一些收费的私立小学。预备学校