新版“英语国家概况”精讲笔记

第一章

Land and People 英国的国土与人民 I. Different Names for Britain and its Parts British Isles, Great Britain and England. 2.Official name: the Britain and Northern Ireland.

made up of two large islands-Great Britain (the larger one) and small ones. 4.Three political divisions on the island of Great Britain: England,

the fourth region of the II. The Anglo-Saxons UK. Capital: Belfast. 5.The Commonwealth (of nations) is a free association of

(446-871)盎格鲁—撒克逊人（公元446—871年） 1． Basis of Modern English race: the Anglo-Saxons.盎格鲁—萨

教。

The Anglo-Saxons brought their own Teutonic religion to Britain. Christianity soon disappeared, of Cornwall, Wales, 597, Pope Gregory I

administering law. Secondly, they devised the narrow-strip, three-field ②farming system which continued to the 18th century. established the Finally, they ④created meeting of the

1.Geographical names: the independent countries

that were once colonies of 克逊时代（奠定了英国的基except among the Celts Thirdly, they also ③Britain. It was founded in 础）

1931, and has 50 member In the mid-5th century a Scotland and Ireland. In manorial system(庄园制). 章

Jutes, Saxons, and Angles sent St. Augustine, the the Witan（council or three Teutonic tribes.

Monastery in Rome, to wisemen） to advise the heathen (异教的) English Privy Council which still

克逊人构筑了英国的国家基础。首先，他们把国家划分为郡，郡法庭和郡法官、或行政司法长官负责执法。其次，他们设计的窄条三区轮他们还建立了领地制。最后，他们还创立了咨议会(贤人会议)，向国王提供建议这就

United Kingdom of Great countries until 1991.第二new wave of invaders,

The Origins of a Nation came to Britain. They were Prior of St. Andrew‘s

3.The British Isles are (5000BC-1066)英国的起源

（公元前5000年—1066年） ①The Jute s, who fished England to convert the king, the basis of the I.Arrival and settlement and farmed in Jutland,

of the Celts 克尔特人的到came to Britain first. A to Christianity. In 597 St. exists today. 盎格鲁—撒

Jutish chief became the Augustine became the King of Kent in 449.②Then first Archbishop of

Celts were practiced

Ireland, and hundreds of 来和定居

famers. The drained much the Saxons, users of the Canterbury. He was of marshlands and built short-sword from northern remarkably successful houses of wood.They wre Germany, established

in converting the king

Scotland and Wales.大不列ironworkers, too. Their their kingdom in Essex, and the nobility, but the 作制延用至18世纪。此外，颠岛上有三个政治区：英格languages, the Celts 兰、苏格兰和威尔士。 (1) England is in the southern part of Great most populous section. (2) Scotland is in the

Sussex and Wessex from the conversion of the

languages, are the basis end of the 5th century to common people was of the language which is the beginning of the 6th largely due to the

still used by some people century. ③In the second missionary activities of 成为了今天尚存的枢密院的

half of the 6th century, the monks in the north. 身。 the Angles, who also came 3．The Early were to give their name to contributions to the

IV．Viking and Danish 人的入侵

Their religion was

Britain. It is the largest, in Scotland and Wales.

Druidism鲁伊教). 1、 The from northern Germany and Anglo-Saxons make the invasions北欧海盗和丹麦

English state.(formation 1．The invaders were the

north of Great Britain. It Celts began to arrive (the Highlands in the north; the Central lowlands; the south Uplands) Capital: Edinburgh

苏格兰位于大不列颠的北高地，中部低地及南部山陵。首府：爱丁堡。

has three natural zones Britain about 700 BC.约公the English people,

不列颠岛。

2、The Celts came to Britain in three main waves. 克尔特人来到不列颠有三次高潮。

元前700年，克尔特人来到settled in East Anglia, of the English nation)早Norwegians and the Danes.

Mercia and Northumbria. 期盎格鲁—撒克逊人为英国They attacked various These seven principal Sussex, Wessex, East Anglia, Mercia and

做出的贡献。

the foundations of the English state. Firstly, they ①divided the country into shires (which the Normans later called counties),

parts of England from the end of the 8th century. They became a serious problem in the 9th century, especially between 835 and 878. They even managed to capture York, an important center of Christianity in 867. By the Viking and the Danes

kingdoms of Kent, Essex, The Anglo-Saxons laid

部。它有三大自然区：北部The first wave were the Northumbria have been

Gaels-came about 600 BC. given the name of The second wave were the Heptarchy.

(3) Wales is in the west of Brythons-came about 400 2．The early Great Britain. Capital: BC. Cardiff

The third wave were the to Christianity.最早的盎

Anglo-Saxons converted with shire courts and

responsible for

middle of 9th century, shire reeves, or sheriffs, the

(4) Northern Ireland is Belgae-came about 150 BC. 格鲁—撒克逊人改信基督