新版“英语国家概况”精讲笔记(9)

India征服印度 The establishment of British East India Company established in 1600 was a case of

North East in Egypt and the Sudan. 3. Aggression against China侵略中国 In 1840, the Opium

settlement came the establishment of the league of Nations.3. Britain and the Second World War英国与第二次世界大战 Labour government. The war hastened (加快) the end of Britain‘s empire and its former colonies won independence one people through television saw the ceremony.1952年伊莉莎白公主加冕成为伊莉莎白女王二世。新发明的电视使许多人看到了加冕仪economic penetration. War broke out By 1819 the British conquest of most India was almost complete. After the muting of Bengal army in 1857, the control of India passed to the British Crown and Queen Victoria became Empress of India in 1877.1600年英国东印度公司的建立 2. The Scramble for Africa对非洲的掠夺 At the beginning of the 19th century British possessions were confined to forts and slave trading posts on the west coast. Over the 19th century the interior of Africa was gradually discovered and colonized by

Europeans. Britain led the way in the race. Apart from the colonies in the South and West, Britain was also involved in the between Britain and China. Since then, Britain gradually invaded many coastal areas and imposed a series of unequal treaties upon China.英语国家概况精讲系列（十四）

VI. Twentieth Century二十世纪

1. Britain and the First World War英国和第一次世界大战

The Word War I was fought from 1914 to 1918 primarily between two

European Power blocs: ―the Central power‖. Germany and

Austria-Hungary, and the ―Allies‖, Britain, France and Russia. During the war, the Britain lost much. Apart from the loss of manpower, there had been considerable disruption of the economy and society. Out of the war

(The Second World War was fought from 1939 to 1945. Britain declared war on Germany in 1939. German bombing raids destroyed many cities in England. Britain was great impoverished by the war)

As Adolf Hitler and Nazism showed off their aggressive

momentum in Europe, Chamberlain, the Prime Minister, found his policy of

appeasement of German aggress ion

was no longer tenable, and was forced to declare war on Germany on

September 3,1939. 4. Postwar Britian战 后的英国 At the general eiection of 1945 Winston Churchill was heavily defeated.The electorate returned a

after another. Brtain joined in several wars against other countries. The 1960s were the Swinging Sixties(摇摆的60年代)，the permissive age (宽容的时代). The foundations of the welfare state (福利国家) was laid in these years. In the 1980s, Mrs Thatcher started the privatization

policy. Britain joined the European

Economic Community in1973.) 温斯顿。邱吉尔在1945年的大选中惨败。

(1) One of the most far-reaching

consequences of the War was that it hastened the end of Britain‘s empire. 二战最为深远的结果之一是加速了大英帝国的瓦解。 (2) In 1952 Princess Elizabeth was crowned Queen Elizabeth II. Many

式的过程。

(4) In January 1973, Britain became a full member of the European Economic Community which was still called the Common Market in 1973. Britain

witnessed the first oil embargo in

1973.1973年1月，英国终于成为欧洲经济共同体的正式成员国。1973年仍称为共同市场。1973年英国经历了第一次石油禁运。 (5) Thatcherism撒切尔主义

Thatcherism referred to the policies put forward by Margaret Thatcher, the first woman prime

minister in England in 1979. The main contents of her policies included the ①return to private ownership of state-owned

industries, ②the use