新版“英语国家概况”精讲笔记(16)

平方英里的墨西哥变成了美state while ordering the banned slavery,was 国领土，美国付了1千万美returning of runaway 圆的补偿。

6)The American Civil War and its impaction

slaves to the

added to the Constitution in

用；联邦政府对进口商品课of the economy:1) there 以高税，丰富的自然资源。 emerged a growth of ②consequences: Both industrial and financial production and capital mergers. By 1910, became

increasingly incorporation had

masters.1850年通过了一December,1865.废除奴个折中的方案：同意加利福隶制的第十三修正案于

on the development t of 尼亚为自治州，将逃跑的努1865年12月写入宪法。 concentrated.生产和资本become the dominant the U.S

①The conflict beween

力归还主人。

⑦Rapid Growth of

越来越集中。

type; 2)With the development of industry

3.American History (1900-1945)

（1)Economic growth in the early 20th century ①tremendous growth of the American

economy(between the end of the civil war and

①reasons: a stable political

1900): Steam and

and the extension of railroad network,there was a mushroom growth of cities and urbanization; 3)there was a rapid

development of new technology. The automobile and radio also developed. America was on the way of becoming a nation on wheels.经济发展的特点： 2)progressivism and some of the reform efforts.

Progressivism, also known as the

Progressive Movement, appeared in America at the turn of the 20th century. It demanded government

regulation(规范) of the economy and social conditions – social area:to improve living

③Abraham Lincoln (亚伯Capitalism after the Civil

拉罕. 林肯)：Soon after War 内战后资本主义的迅the North and the South: In the early 1800‘s, black slavery

Lincoln Became the U.S. 速发展 President, the War

After the war, the U.S. saw great developments in Industry, agriculture,

disappeared in the north broke out on April 12, because of industry development. But it

1861.He realized that

he could win support for science and technology,

continued to exist in the the Union at home and and population. South. In the South, farming remaind the

abroad by making the war a just war against

most important way of slavery. So he issued making a living and the the famous planter farmed a large area of land. Slave labours seemed best suited for producing these crops.19世纪早

Emancipation Proclamation in

1863.Thus England and France stood by the Union‘s side.Many black

environment electricity replaced

after the war was over; human muscle,steel enough labour supply took the place of after black slaves were iron.Machines and oil free; new immigrants; were used.People and Science and invention goods could move by played a very important railroads.in 1900 it role

in

accelerating became the largest industrial producer of coal and

the steel in the world.内战结

期，由于工业的发展，黑奴slaves joined the Union 在北方消失。但在南方仍然Army.

存在。在南方，农耕是最主Lincoln‘s speech:―That 要的谋生手段，农场主耕种government of the 了大片土地。奴隶劳动力似people,by the people, 乎最适于这些农作物的生产。

②The Compromise of

for the people,shall not perish from the earth.‖民有，民治，民享的政府是

America‘s development;

federal goverment put 束到1900年间，美国经济high taxes on foreign 取得了巨大发展；蒸汽和电imports;

the

Rich 力取代了人力，钢取代了

natural resources.原因：铁。机器和石油得到了应战后稳定的政治环境；黑奴用，客运和货运可以通过铁自由，新移民都提供了足够路进行。煤和铁以巨大产量的劳动力；科学和发明在美位居世界之首。

国的工业发展中起到重要作②features in the gro wth

1850: the North and the 不会从地球上消亡的。The South allowed California Thirteenth

to be accepted as a free Amendment,which