新版“英语国家概况”精讲笔记(20)

inflation, financial deficit, 3) Safeguards for and trade deficit.经济存在的问题：失业，通货膨

legislative powers(立法

subject except revenue 高法院，司法体系结构为：

最高法院，11个上诉法院，91个地方法院，3个有特殊司法权的法院，美国的法官是由总统任命并由参

individual liberty under 权); ④he is responsible bills (除了税收法案). It the Constitution: the Bill for the relations of the

has the authority to ②confirm or reject predidential

胀，财政赤字和贸易赤字。 of Rights. It is the term United States with

used for the first ten

Chapter 19.Political Institution政治体制 1)A workable form of government under the Constitution: a federal system of government which has two layers of rule. 两极统治的联邦政府体制

2)Separation of powers with checks and balances under the Constitution: The Constitution divides the government into three

amendments to the Constitution. Ti

foreign nations; ⑤ he signs Bills passed by

appointments(总统任命) 议院批准的。

Congress into law.⑥ he of high officials as well 8)The two-party system

and the characteristics

guarantees freedom of appoints fedeal officials;as the U.S. foreign religion, freedom of

⑦he has some judicial

treaties. ③Its chairman of the two major parties is the Vice President.参

①the two-party

speech, freedom of the powers;⑧press, freedom of

commander-in-chief(总

议院权利：1立法除税收。system:the two party

assembly and petition, 司令)⑨he can serve for 还有一些特殊权利：2批准system means that the freedom from

no more than 2 term任或否决总统任命的高级官员two major political

unreasonable searches, 期不超过2届。总统权利：及外交条约；3.领导人是副parties – now the right to jury trial, right 总统是行政部门首脑；2.国总统。 to due process of law and other legal rights.

家元首；3.立法权；4.负责7)The judicial system 美国与其他国家的关系；5.6.has evolved into the

Democrats and the Republicans – compete with each other to dominate politics at the federal, state, and local

宪法下的个人自由的保护：委任政府官员；7.司法权利；present structure: 人权。这是最早的十个宪法8.总司令；9. 任期不超过2According to the 修正案中的总称。他确保了届。

Constitution, the judicial levels.两党制意味着两个

主要的政党—目前为民主党和共和党—支配着联邦、州及地方的政治舞台。 ②the characteristics of

branches: the legislative,

宗教、言论、出版、集会、5）Powers of the House power of the U.S shall the executive and the judicial. Each branch has only part of the powers but not all the powers. The three

branches are in balance 4)Powers of the and they may check

American president: ①请愿和免受无理搜查的自

of Representatives: the be vested in one

Supreme Court. The judicial system has

由，还确保了接受陪审团审House of

判、享受应有的法律程序和Representatives can ①其他合法权利。

introduce legislation, ②evolved into the present the two major revenue bills and ③bring charges against officials, including the President. 众议院权利：

structure: the Supreme parties:The two major Court, 11 court of appeals, 91 district

parties are not very different today. They

each other.三权分立和制The president is the 衡制度：宪法将政府划分为head of the executive 3个部门，立法部门、执法branch（行政部门首脑）. 部门和司法部门。每个部门②He is also head of 只有部分权利不是全部。三state(元首) elected 个部门权利平衡并互相限制。 by the whol e nation. ③he has some

courts, and 3 courts of are two coalitions of

interests and interest groups(利益集团的联合). There is no strict party

1.立法；2.征税法案3.指控special jurisdiction. 官员，包括总统。

U.S.judges are

6)Powers of the Senate: appointed by the the Senate has the power to ①introduced legislation on any

President and confirmed discipline(党纪). One by the Senate.根据宪法

does not have to apply

规定，美国的司法权属于最or go through necessary