谢天振 非常时期的非常翻译

翻 译 研 究

——关于中国大陆文革时期的文学翻译

谢天振

（上海外国语大学 高级翻译学院，上海 200083） 非常时期的非常翻译

摘要：在中国翻译史上，1966至1976年大陆文革时期的文学翻译，属于非常时期的非常翻译，其特殊性在世界翻译史上也不可多得。该时期的文学翻译不仅要充当执政党党内不同政治集团之间的斗争工具，还要充当国际上不同政党之间的斗争工具，加上此时中国大陆几乎所有的翻译家都已经被“打倒”，权力与意识形态对翻译的操控达到极至。从翻译对象的选定、翻译过程的组织，到最后翻译文本的定稿、署名形式，乃至某些翻译文本中“夹译夹批”的奇怪形式，等等，无一不突显权力与意识形态对翻译的操控。本文选择大陆文革时期几个典型的文学翻译译本，以一系列极其生动的译例，具体、形象地揭示翻译与权力和意识形态等因素之间的关系。

关键词：文革时期；文学翻译；权力与意识形态；操控

Abstract：During the translation history of China, the literary translation in mainland China during the Cultural Revolution is particular translation during particular period, which is characterized by its uniqueness. The literary translation during this period was used not only as the instrument of different cliques of the ruling party to fight each other, but also as the instrument of different parties in the world to fight each other. During that time, almost all the translators in mainland China had been “overthrown” and the control of power and ideology over translation had reached a extreme degree, which is manifested in the choice of the translation materials, the organization of the translation, the final translation, the signature, and some “translation & criticism” in translation, etc. This paper 本文为教育部人文社科一般项目（批准号05JA750.1 1－44019）《中国当代翻译文学史（1949-2000）》的前期成果。

·23·