(完整word)第2章 汉英翻译基础知识(新编汉英翻译(10)

间宾(indirect object

直宾(direct object

意合(parataxis

形合(hypotaxis

①我常见许多青年的朋友，②聪明用功，③成绩优异，④而语文程度不足以达意，⑤甚至写一封信亦难得通顺，⑥问其故则曰其兴趣不在语文方面。(梁实秋《学问与趣味》)

I have come across a great many bright and diligent young friends (who) have done exceedingly well in their studies, but are rather weak in Chinese. (They) cannot even write a letter in correct Chinese. (When I) asked them why, (they) said they were not interested in the Chinese language.

篇章(text

信息结构(information structure)

主位(theme)

述位(rheme

主题(topic

述题(comment

主题显著(topic-prominent

意念主轴(thought-pivot

主语显著(subject-prominent

主谓主轴(subject-predicate-pivot

衔接手段(cohesive devices)

照应(co-reference anaphora)。

外指(exophoric

内指(endophoric

回指（anaphoric

下指(cataphoric

（4）爸爸妈妈，你们也买个钱罐存钱吧。你们没钱用了罐子就会把肚肚里的钱掏出来给你们的。

Daddy, Mummy, please buy a piggie for yourselves. When you have no more money, the piggie will open its tummy and give you money.

(《童心》，居祖纯译)