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Reading II Supplementary --2-- Assume may but does not necessarily con note dishonesty, insincerity, or trickery:

有可能——但是并不必然地——意味着不诚实, 不诚心或欺骗：

Assume a virtue, if you have it not (Shakespeare).

假如你没有美德的话，那就假装你有美德

I assumed an air of confidence that I was far from feeling.

在我远远感受不到自信时，我显示出一副自信的神气。

Affect suggests an effort to give the appearance of something either out of personal preference or to make an impression:

暗示了一种出于个人喜好或想要留下好印象而有意显示出某种神态的努力：He affects the disdainful petulance of a rock star“他假装出摇滚明星般倔傲的任性”_____________________________________________________________________________ Category----A specifically defined division in a system of classification; a class. 种类；类There are different categories of books in a library.图书馆里有各种不同种类的书籍。_____________________________________________________________________________ Kind----A particular variety; a sort:特定的种类；类别：

What kind of soap do you like best?你最喜欢哪一种肥皂?

1. Kind can refer to a class whose members are linked by innate characteristics:

Kind能指由于与生俱来的特征联系在一起的成员组成的种类：

Material objects are of two kinds, atoms and compounds of atoms (Lucretius).

“物质分两类，原子及原子化合物”（卢克莱修）。

2. Often, however, type and kind, like sort, are applied when the resemblance or relationship is not precisely defined: 但是，通常情况下，和sort一样，当相同点或关系没有精确定义时，type和kind都可适用：I don't enjoy that type of show. 我不喜欢那种类型的表演。

What kind of people do they think we are? (Winston S. Churchill).

“他们认为我们是那种人?”（温斯顿·S·邱吉尔）。

_____________________________________________________________________________ Toehold----A small indentation or ledge on which the toe of a shoe can find support in climbing.

立足点

UNIT 2 SUSTAINABLE DEVELOPMET

Sustain----To keep in existence; maintain.维持: food sufficient to sustain life够维持生命的食物To bear up under; withstand:承受；can't sustain the blistering heat.无法忍受酷热Acid---- n. Chemistry 【化学】Any of a large class of sour-tasting substances 酸adj. 【化学】Of or relating to an acid. 酸的酸的，与酸有关的

Having a sour taste.有酸味的

Biting, sarcastic, or scornful:尖刻的，嘲讽的，讽刺的：

an acid wit; 机智；an acid tone of voice.尖酸的声调

erode---- vt To wear (something) away 腐蚀，侵蚀The sea erodes the rocks.海水侵蚀岩石。