人民币 汇率 升值 经济影响 进出口贸易

24JUTHATHIPJONGWANICH

TABLE1

ShareofPartsandComponentsinTotalManufacturingExports

Exports1990–2006

2000–0613.912.527.542.560.346.539.926.3

China,People’sRepublicofIndonesia

Korea,RepublicofMalaysiaPhilippinesSingaporeTaipei,ChinaThailand5.74.021.838.230.431.024.518.9

Sources:UnitedNationsComtradedatabase,DESA/UNSD;Athukorala(2005)forTaipei,China.

Thailand.By2006,theshareintotalexportshadclimbedtoalmost75percentinthePhilippineswhileitwasaround50–60percentintheotherthreecountries,re ectingtheirbroaderexportbaseanddeeperindustrialstructurethanthePhilippines.

TheevolutionofIndonesia’sexportstructureisdifferentfromthebroaddrifttowardSITC7thathasoccurredinothercountries.Resource-basedmanufacturing,mostlymineralproducts(SITC6)andmiscellaneousmanufacturing(SITC8),predominantlywearingapparelandfootwear,haveaccountedforalmosttwo-thirdsofthecountry’smanufacturedexports.By2006,SITC6exportscontributedalmost20percentoftotalmerchandiseexports,whileSITC8contributedabout12percent,asimilarcontributiontoSITC7.

ThegrowingimportanceofSITC7inmanufacturingexportsintheseeconomiesre ectsanimportantfeatureofinternationalproductfragmentation.Thisfeatureleadstothesigni cantincreaseofexportsinpartsandcomponentsinSITC7.Table1showstheproportionofpartsandcomponentsintotalmanufacturingexportsduring1990–96and2000–06.6,7Malaysia,Philippines,SingaporeandThailandstandoutinEastandSoutheastAsiafortheirheavydependenceonpartsandcomponentsforexportdynamism.Theshareofpartsandcomponentsintotalmanufacturingexportshasincreasedrapidlyinthesefourcountries,

Thelistcontains168categoriesofpartsandcomponentsatthe ve-digitlevel.NotethatthedataontheSITC7 ve-digitindustriesofTaipei,China,arebasedonAthukorala(2005).7

Notethattheshareofpartsandcomponentsintotalmanufacturingimportsalsoexhibitsanupwardtrendintheregion,againwiththeexceptionofIndonesia.Manufacturingproductionreliesheavilyonimportedinputs.TheimportshareofpartsandcomponentshasmorethandoubledinthePRCandthePhilippines.InthePRC,theshareofpartsandcomponentsimportshasexpandedmorequicklythanitsshareinexports,suggestinganimportantroleforassemblyactivities.

Ó2009TheAuthor

JournalcompilationÓBlackwellPublishingLtd.2009

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