人民币 汇率 升值 经济影响 进出口贸易

22JUTHATHIPJONGWANICH

othereconomies.InIndonesia,manufacturinggoodscontributedonlyaround50percentofthecountry’stotalmerchandiseexports,increasingfrom10percentatthebeginningofthe1980s.

Figure2providesabreakdownfortheeighteconomiesoftheanatomyofexportswithinmanufacturing.5Itshowsthatexportsofmachineryandtransportequipment(SITC7)haveexpandedrapidly,dwar ngthetraditionalmanufactur-ingduoofclothingandfootwear(SITC8).Indonesiaistheonlyexceptiontothisgeneralpattern.ForthePRC,exportsinSITC7begantotakeoffintheearly1990s,re ectingthedominantroleofoutsourcingactivityinthemanufacturingsector.In2006,theshareofSITC7intotalmerchandiseexportsinthiscountryincreasedtoalmost50percent.ForSITC8,itroseduring1984–93buthasdeclinedconstantlytolessthan40percentsincethelate1990s.

ThetrendsofSITC7exportsforKoreaandTaipei,China,aresimilar.Bothtookoffinthemid-1980s,becomingthemostsigni cantcontributortoman-ufacturingandtotalexportsbytheearly1990s.Untilthen,textiles,clothingandfootwearinSITC8playedanimportantrole.By2006,SITC7exportsaccountedforalmost60percentoftotalexportsinKoreaandabout50percentinTaipei,China.SITC7exportshavealsogrowninMalaysia,Philippines,Singapore

and

5

DisaggregateddataonmanufacturesforthePRCwereunavailablebefore1984andthedataseriesforTaipei,China,beginsin1975.

Ó2009TheAuthor

JournalcompilationÓBlackwellPublishingLtd.2009