2011年三级语法讲义(10)

成人学士学位英语学习资料

The little boy is made to run on the playground every morning.

5. 动词不定式作状语

e.g.To get the ticket, the football fans got up very early and went to cinema by taxi.

The dentist hurried to the post office only to find that she had forgotten to bring the letter.

To earn more money for his family, Robert sells newspapers in his spare time.

I am pleased to receive your letter of May 21st .

Jim is too short to reach the largest apple in the tree.

6. 动词不定式作定语

e.g Bob has a word to say

Bob has a few clothes to wash

He is always the first one to get up.

The idea to have the capital moved inland will have a great effect on the future of Brazil.

7. 动词不定式的被动式:

当不定式的逻辑主语是不定式所表示的对象时（或动作的承受者时）不定式一般要用被动式。

e.g. It is an honor for me to be asked to speak here.

To be asked to speak here is an honor for me.

8. 动词不定式的复合结构:如需指出不定式动作的发出者时（即逻辑主语时）要在不定式前

用for加名词（或代词）表示。

e.g. It was very difficult for me to swim across the broad river..

It is necessary for you to learn two foreign languages before graduation.

9. 动词不定式的完成式

表示不定式的动作发生在句子谓语所表示的动作之前。

e.g. Judging from (by) his manners at the party, the barber doesn’t seem to have received much

education. He is said to have written a book about modern business English.

II. 动名词：在句子中可以作主语、表语、宾语和定语。

1. 动名词作主语

e.g. Reading aloud is very important in learning a foreign language.

It is no use asking her advice.

It is no good crying over spilt milk.

2. 动名词作表语

e.g. Her job is looking after the disabled.

动名词和动词不定式都可以作主语或表语，一般来说，表示比较抽象的行为时多用动名词。

表示具体动作或将来发生的动作时用动词不定式。

e.g. Smoking is not allowed here.

To smoke so much is not good for you.

Their job is building house. Their task this month is to build another bridge across the river.

3. 动名词作及物动词的宾语

以下及物动词及短语动词常用动名词作宾语。

avoid, can’t help, consider, deny, enjoy, excuse, finish, mind, practise, suggest。

e.g. Jefferson suggested spending another day in the mountain area.

She is considering asking her employer for a rise.

The singer practises singing every morning in the park.

4. 动名词作介词的宾语

e.g. The scientists succeeded in doing the experiment last month.