2011年三级语法讲义(2)

成人学士学位英语学习资料

第一章 动词时态

1. 一般现在时：在时间、条件状语从句中表示将来的动作用一般现在时：常用的连词有as soon

as, when，till, if等。

e.g. When he comes back, he will go and see his cousin in hospital.

If it rains tomorrow, the sports meet will be put off.

The porter will wait till the train arrives.

2. 一般过去时：used to do sth. be used to doing sth.

e.g. The architect used to take the dog for a walk after supper when he lived here.

Now he is used to browsing the newspapers in the evening.

3. 一般将来时：表示将来的动作或状态。

a) will (shall) +原形动词：

e.g. Peter will take robotics next semester.

b) 某些表示开始、终结、往来行动的动词如：go ,come, start, arrive, leave等的现在进行时可

表示将来。

e.g. The police are leaving for Brasilia tomorrow.

The foreign guests are arriving in Jinan tonight by air.

Are you going to attend the lecture tomorrow afternoon?

c) be to +动词原形： 表示安排或计划好了的动作。

e.g. The new road to the museum is to be open to traffic before National Day.

d) be about to +动词原形：表示即将发生的动作。

e.g. The lecture is about to begin.

4. 过去将来时：表示在过去预计将要发生的动作，常用于宾语从句。

e.g. The freshmen wanted to know when the sports meet would start.

5. 现在进行时：

表示此时此刻（说话时）正在进行的动作。现阶段正在进行的动作，但此刻并不一定在进行。

e.g. My nephew is having an English class in Beijing Normal University.

The workers are building a museum near the stadium.

6. 过去进行时：

a) 表示在过去某一段时间正在进行的动作。常用表示过去的时间状语或通过上下文来判断。

e.gThe sailor was reading a French novel from seven to nine last night.

b) when 和while 的用法

e.gWhile John was eating, my brother-in-law walked to him and asked him to lend him $100.

When the plane arrived, some of the detectives were waiting inside the main building

c) 表示过去将来的动作。现在进行时可以表示将来的动作，同样，过去进行时也可以表示

从过去某时间看将来要发生的动作。

e.g. The president was leaving early the next morning.

7. 现在完成时：

a) 表示动作刚刚结束（常和just, already, yet等词连用）；或表示动作的结果（一般不用时间

状语）。e.g.Jefferson has just turned off the light.、

b) 表示过去某时开始的动作一直延续到现在，并且可能会继续延续下去（常用since引导的

短语或从句，或由for 引导的短语连用）。

e.g.The astronaut has been engaged in the research for 30 years.

They’ve known each other since childhood.