旅游学刊第29卷2014年第3期TourismTribuneVol．29No．3，2014

AＲeviewofPublicParticipationinthePublicAffairsofTourism

DestinationsinForeignCountries

WANGJingchuan1，LITianyuan2

（1．CollegeofHistoryandCulture，QufuNormalUniversity，Qufu273165，China；2．CollegeofTourismandService，NankaiUniversity，Tianjin300071，China）

Abstract：PublicparticipationhaslongbeenatopicofresearchontourismincountriesoutsideChina．However，almostnoresearchhasbeencarriedoutonpublicparticipationinthepublicaffairsofdestinationsfromaholisticperspective．Mostresearchhasinsteadconcentratedonparticulartypesofpublicparticipationwithinadestination’spublicaffairs，suchasintheplanningdomain．Thispaperreviewsthecontributionsof133studiesthatrelatetothetopicofpublicparticipationindestinationpublicaffairs．

First，weinvestigatethegeneralcharacteristicsofthesestudies．Thisresearchshowsthatpublicparticipationwasfirstintroducedasatourismresearchtopicinthe1980s，thatmostresearchhasbeencarriedoutinEuropeanandNorthAmericancountries，andthatmostofthestudiescanbecharacterizedasappliedresearch，withonly26beingtheoreticalinnature．Second，weanalyzethetheoreticalbasisofall

collaborationtheory，newpublicadministrationtheory，modernthepapersandfindthatstakeholdertheory，

democratictheory，governancetheory，andsocialcapitaltheoryhavebeenthemaintheoreticalconstructsusedwithinreportedresearch．Third，weanalyzetheactualresearchcontentofthesepapersfromsevenaspects．Thefirstbeinganalysesoftheconceptionandconnotationofpublicparticipationinthepublicaffairsofdestinations．Forthisaspect，foreignresearchersdifferentiatebetweencommunityparticipation，localparticipation，aboriginalparticipation，residentparticipation，citizenparticipation，stakeholderparticipationandpublicparticipation．Thesecondaspectanalyzesthevaluesunderlyingpublicparticipationinthepublicaffairsofdestinations．Internationalstudiesputforwardtheideathateffectivepublicparticipationcannotonlyrealizethepotentialvalueofgovernmentandpublicinputinthedevelopmentandmanagementofdestinations，butcanalsocontributetothesustainabledevelopmentofeachdestination．Thethirdaspectcoverspublicparticipationindecisionmakingatadestination．Forthis，weanalyzednineparticipativeandcollaborativedecisionmakingcasesfoundinforeignresearch．Thefourthaspectispublicparticipationintourismplanning，whichisoneoftheearliestandmostin-depthfieldsof

analysisintermsofresearchonpublicparticipationinthepublicaffairsofdestinations．Internationalstudieshaveresearchedthelevels，ways，processesandinfluencingfactorsofpublicparticipationandhowtodefineparticipants．Thefifthaspectispublicparticipationindestinationmarketing．Inregardtothis，internationalresearchshowsthatasaresultofthecomplexityofdestinationproductsandresourceinterdependencebetweenstakeholders，destinationmarketingshouldbecollaborative．Atthesametime，destinationbrandingasanintegratedcampaignalsorequirespublicparticipation．Thesixthaspectispublicparticipationintourisminfrastructuremanagementinadestination，andourreviewshowsthatinternationalresearchconsiderspresentlevelsofpublicparticipationintourisminfrastructuremanagementtobeinadequate．Theseventhaspectconcernspublicparticipationinotherareasoftourismdevelopmentincommunities，suchastourismevents，tourismpublicprojects，tourismresearchandtourismvoluntaryaction，andourreviewshowsthatthisisnotuniversal．

sInconclusion，ourstudysuggeststhatfutureresearchshouldpayattentiontothefollowingmatter’

ifdefiningpublicparticipationinthepublicaffairsofdestinationsandperfectingatheoreticalsystemarethemainobjectives：theneedtosetupamechanismthatincludesparticipationsubjects，objects，levels，processesandevaluation；theneedtoexpandresearchdomainstocovermorepublicaffairsthatrequirepublicparticipation；andtheneedtoconstructguidelinesforactualparticipationandexploreappropriatepathsforChina．

Keywords：publicparticipation；tourismdestination；publicaffairs

［责任编辑：庞世明；责任校对：刘

鲁］