化学工程与工艺专业英语,华东理工大学,胡鸣,化学工业出版社;有第1至7、10至13、20单元,为目前网上最全的

by pests. Thirdly, by producing veterinary products which protect livestock from disease or cure their infections.

(1)食物。化学工业对粮食生产所做的巨大贡献至少有三个方面。第一，提供大量可以获得的肥料以补充由于密集耕作被农作物生长时所带走的营养成分。（主要是氮、磷和钾）。第二，生产农作物保护产品，如杀虫剂，它可以显著减少害虫所消耗的粮食数量。第三，生产兽药保护家禽免遭疾病或其它感染的侵害。

(2) Health. We are all aware of the major contribution which the pharmaceutical sector of the industry has made to help keep us all healthy, e.g. by curing bacterial infections with antibiotics, and even extending life itself, e.g. ß–blockers to lower blood pressure.

（2）健康。我们都很了解化学工业中制药这一块在维护我们的身体健康甚至延长寿命方面所做出的巨大贡献，例如，用抗生素治疗细菌感染，用β-抗血栓降低血压。

(3) Clothing. The improvement in properties of modern synthetic fibers over the traditional clothing materials (e.g. cotton and wool) has been quite remarkable. Thus shirts, dresses and suits made from polyesters like Terylene and polyamides like Nylon are crease-resistant, machine-washable, and drip-dry or non-iron. They are also cheaper than natural materials.

衣物。在传统的衣服面料上，现代合成纤维性质的改善也是非常显著的。用聚脂如涤纶或聚酰胺如尼龙所制作的T恤、上衣、衬衫抗皱、可机洗，晒干自挺或免烫，也比天然面料便宜。

Parallel developments in the discovery of modern synthetic dyes and the technology to ―bond‖ them to the fiber has resulted in a tremendous increase in the variety of colors available to the fashion designer. Indeed they now span almost every color and hue of the visible spectrum. Indeed if a suitable shade is not available, structural modification of an existing dye to achieve this can readily be carried out, provided there is a satisfactory market for the product.

与此同时，现代合成染料开发和染色技术的改善使得时装设计师们有大量的色彩可以利用。的确他们几乎利用了可见光谱中所有的色调和色素。事实上如果某种颜色没有现成的，只要这种产品确有市场，就可以很容易地通过对现有的色彩进行结构调整而获得。

Other major advances in this sphere have been in color-fastness, i.e., resistance to the dye being washed out when the garment is cleaned.

这一领域中另一些重要进展是不褪色，即在洗涤衣物时染料不会被洗掉。

(4) Shelter, leisure and transport. In terms of shelter the contribution of modern synthetic polymers has been substantial. Plastics are tending to replace traditional building materials like wood because they are lighter, maintenance-free (i.e. they are resistant to weathering and do not need painting). Other polymers, e.g. urea-formaldehyde and polyurethanes, are important insulating materials for reducing heat losses and hence reducing energy usage.

（4）住所，休闲和旅游。讲到住所方面现代合成高聚物的贡献是巨大的。塑料正在取代像木材一类的传统建筑材料，因为它们更轻，免维护（即它们可以抵抗风化，不需油漆）。另一些高聚物，比如，脲甲醛和聚脲，是非常重要的绝缘材料可以减少热量损失因而减少能量损耗。