ii Lying is usually regarded as evil but in reality many people lie. This is worthy

of our attention.

2. i Lies are intentionally told untruths/an unintentionally told untruth is not

a lie.

ii Almost everyone lies.

3. i All lies are evil and harmful so they should be avoided.

ii Many lies are not evil but are necessary and beneficial to society.

4. Open.(But according to the writer,) standards regarding when lies are ac- ceptable vary not only with individuals but aJso with different cultures.

5. The statement means that when one grows up, one may have the painful experience

of realizing that other people may not hold the same opinion about honesty as one

does. This is because the reality often runs counter to what is taught to children.

6. 2) those that are told with intention to harm the listener or a third party

and to benefit the liar

3) those that don't tell the whole truth (Some information may be left

unsaid.)

4) those that are told with no intention of being kept

5) those that are told to deceive oneself

7. (Open)

8. B

9. Because it prevents one from realizing one's shortcomings and improving oneself.

10. Different cultures may have different standards regarding when lies are

acceptable. (e.g. People in some cultures feel it is more important not to hurt others

than to tell the truth). It may be hard to change these culturally based beliefs.

B

1. People cannot make sound judgement about ...because we have not told them the truth.

We should try to avoid lying because in a society where lying is common, trust becomes

impossible, and without trust, cooperation cannot exist.

2. Your parents and your culture may teach you that liars will suffer, but in reality

you find that they often don't, (This is what one's moral beliefs are compared

with.)This realizati&n may make you take a skeptical attitude towards your moral

beliefs. "It" refers to "the realization" and "them" refers to "moral beliefs."

Because they don't appear to be true.

3. Many of the lies are told within government circles. For example, a person may

lie to the government, or a government official may lie to the public, which falls

into the category of"little white lie". Here, the author is critical of the government

because he thinks one person's"little white lie"is another person's "dirty lie"

4. In the United States, people do not often tell all the truth in their income tax

reports, which is considered an unquestionable lie by the government. Because people

feel the government already takes too much of their earnigns.

5. Some advertisers and politicians often make false promises, which ruin the

reputation of other advertisers and politicians. It is implied here that some false

promises are fairly harmless, but others are taken more seriously and can hurt the