2) When you look at the relationship between crime rates and size of the prison population, it's hard to tell what's causing what.

9. Offenders are most likely to commit crimes in their late teens and early 20s, but the crime rate in this bracket has dropped. By the time they are 35, most have virtually stopped committing'crimes. However, more incarceration has taken place in this age bracket.

10. 1) long sentences have limited usefulness as a way to incapacitate prisoners

2) it makes little sense to throw a criminal around 30 or 35 in prison for life

3) prison is costly, unnecessary, and overly punitive for many offenders Yes. Because their arguments are based on the research that offers solid evidence for their belief, Generally speaking, most offenders have virtually stopped committing crimes by the time they hit 35.

11. B

12. B

13. (Open.)

B

1.T 2. F 3.T 4. T

5.T 6. F 7.T 8. F

Vocabulary and Structure

A

1. flaw 2. incapacitation 3. imprisonment 4. triple

5. assault 6. anomaly 7. empirical 8. incapacitate

9. expediency 10. diminish

B

1. criminologist 2. penalty 3. mandatory 4. averted

5. irresistible 6. rash 7. sanction 8. overly

9. bias 10. overwhelming

C

1. be in touch with 2. pointed to

3. in the face of 4. responded to

5. lock her up 6. in the midst of

7. fall back on 8. is true of

9. at work 10. put away

D

1. C. be delayed 2. C. the other

3. B. her age 4. B. he has read

5. D. behind them 6. C. which was what

7. A. Despite the fact 8. D. there will be

9. B. banks to increase 10. D. as the least

E

1. because 2. too 3. going 4. danger

5. else 6. romantic 7. thus 8. threat

9. break 10. out 11. though 12.to