大学英语精读预备级课文翻译(2)

to?really?speak?and?understand?a?foreign?language?if?you?have?to?translate?in?y our?mind. Instead, learn to associate the new sound directly with the image in your mind. So?when?we?hear?the sound ”Baum” or ”shajra” or ”shu”, we?don’t?want?to?think, ”Hmmmm. Baum?means?tree, which?means?that?great?big?green?lea fy?thing.”

要学习外语，你必须摆脱逐词翻译的想法。翻译会消耗太多的时间和脑力。如果你字字都得翻译，那你永远也学不会真正地说和理解一门外语。相反，你得学会将新的声音和头脑中的形象直接联系起来。这样当我们听见Baum， shajra，或shu等音时，就不会去想“嗯，Baum的意思是树，树指的是哪个高大的绿色的长满叶子的东西。”

Don’t?think?that?the?challenge?of?new?thinking?will?be?limited?only?to?the? area?of?new?words?it?is?going?to?go?much?deeper?than?that. Let’s?use?an?analog y: you?can?build?a?house?using?materials?of?very?different?sizes?and?shapes. En glish?uses?one?set?of?building?blocks, but?other?languages?will?use?different-s haped?building?blocks?that?take?some?creativity?to?put?together?at?first?.?Wher e?we?use?two?blocks, they?may?use?three?smaller?ones—or?maybe?one?large?one.?

别以为学习用新的方式思考的挑战仅限于新词：它涵盖的范围要广得多。让我们打一个比方，你能用不同大小和形状的材料造一栋房子。英语使用一套构成要素，但其他语言可能使用不同的构成要素，起初还得用一些创造力才能将它们拼起来。我们使用两个构成要素，而别人也许使用三个较小的——也可能是一个大的。

Here?an?example?of?an?English?sentence: We?have?to?buy?a?few?books?before?g oing?home.?When?translating?into?almost?any?foreign?language,?you?will?not?take? each?English?word?and?substitute?a?foreign?word?for?it?.You?will?instead?be?sub stituting?groups?of?words?or?ideas?from?one?language?to?the?other. How?each?lan guage?will?choose?to?group?the?ideas?depends?on?the?language. In?French?or?Span ish, for?example, we?have?to?buy?is?broken?down?into?three?words: we/have?to?/b uy?.In?Turkish, however, the?Turks?are?to?reduce?all?these?four?words?to?only?o ne.?

以一个英语句子为例：We have to buy a few books before going home.不论将它翻译成哪种外语，你都不会取出每个单词然后逐个地用外语单词去替代。相反你会用成组的词语或者思想从一种语言替代成另外一种语言。至于每种语言如何选择词来表达某个概念，各种语言不尽相同。比如，在法语和西班牙语中，we have to buy被分成三个词：we /have to /buy.而在土耳其语中，土耳其人能将所有这四个词缩减成一个。

So?learn?to?start?thinking?in?terms?of?bundles?of?concepts?or?ideas?that?wi ll?be?converted?to?new?language?and?not?single?words. Try?to?think?in?a?foreign? language. This?isn’t?all?that?hard. You?learn?to?think?in?the?language?simply? by?using?the?language?over?and?over?again, asking?and?answering?simple?question s?until?you feel?comfortable?with?the?practice. Then you add some new words, an d a few more new situations, and practice?using?them?together?with?all?the?word s?you?learned?in?previous?lessons. Bit?by?bit?you?build?up?skill.?

所以学者开始以成组的词的概念或思想去思考，这些概念或思想能转换成新的语言而非单个词语。尝试用外语去思考。这并不那么难。要学会用哪种语言去思考，你只需一遍又一