The rusting of iron is the slow chemical combination of the elements iron and oxygen in moist atmosphere.

研究固体的强度，就必须研究晶体结构中的缺陷。

铁生锈是铁元素和氧元素在湿空气中缓慢化合的现象。

通过安装一个补偿喷嘴，解决了这个问题。

The decay of organic matter is a slow oxidation by oxygen in the air.

In order to improve a certain kind of battery, Edison spent almost ten years and made nearly 50,000 experiments.

有机物的腐烂是空气中的氧引起的一种缓慢氧化过程。

为了改善一种电池的性能，爱迪生花了差不多十年时间，做了近50000次试验。

4.1 代词的一般译法

第1节 翻译练习1

In this cell the light incident on the sensitive surface of the cell causes the photo-electric emission of electrons from the surface, and these electrons are attracted to the other electrode.

The owl can hear a mouse chewing and fly down on it, even though it is hidden from sight under a pile of leaves.

在这种电池中，照在电池光敏表面光电效应而发射电子，而这些电子被吸引到另一电极。 即使老鼠躲藏在一堆叶子下看不见的地方，猫头鹰也能听见老鼠咀嚼的声音而飞下来袭击它。

This might be compared with the mumble of wavelengths of sound that go to make up ordinary noise.

这可以与杂乱的声波相比，一般的噪音就是由这种杂乱的声波组成的。

第1节 翻译练习2

Drawing electrons away from the atom causes it to have a net positive electric charge.

Each crystal should have a shape as much like that of the other crystals as possible.

将电子与原子分离会使原子带上纯净正电荷。

每一结晶的形状应与其他结晶的形状尽可能相似。

第1节 翻译练习3

Every element retains its identity no matter how it is finely divided.

Astronomers can estimate the size and brightness of a star by its color.

每种元素不论分得怎样细小，它仍保持其特征。

天文学家根据恒星的颜色可以估计它的大小和亮度。

第1节 翻译练习4

Many processes have already been proposed, and one possible future process is a smelting reduction.

It is possible to work backward from the known strength and determine what factor of safety was used.

Each is a solid sphere with a metallic core surrounded by silicate shells.

我们能够由已知的强度反过来求出所用的安全系数。

它们每一颗都是由硅酸盐外壳包围着金属内核的固态球体。

人们已经提出了很多方法，未来可能的选择之一就是熔融还原法。

第1节 翻译练习5

In this chapter our task is to find out what the air is made of.

Today we have a fairly clear idea of what goes on inside of atom.