one way to educate the general public for the need for change. on a variety of social issues including ending slavery and giving workers more rights.

Naturalism is an offshoot of Realism, and also had its roots in France. Both movements

focused on the reality of everyday ordinary life, but Naturalism focused on how the outside world,

that is, Naturalism generally believes that a person has a destiny or fate, and that person can do little to

change that destiny or fate. Many writers in this movement focused on problems in society, like

poverty. The next movement we are going to look at is Modernism, which, of course, stretches beyond

literature into music and art. The movement itself started in Europe in the late 19th century, as with

many of the other movements, spread to America shortly after. The tumultuous period ending in

World War I and World War II were seen by many as proof that the modern world was horrific and

chaotic, and the end of World War II was seen as the start of a new era of humanity, either for good

or for bad. Modernism reflects these thoughts, and writers in the Modernist era were looking,

generally, to look beyond the old, the traditional, and were trying to find meaning in a new world. Modernists were concerned with finding out what doesn’t work in the world and OK. In today’s lecture, we’ve had a brief look at the origins and common beliefs of the five

different movements in American literature. In our next lecture, we will discuss each movement in

detail.

SECTION B INTERVIEW

W: Today I’d like to welcome Edward Fox, a seasoned real-estate agent, who is going to talk to us

about buying a house. Hello, Edward, good to see you.

M: Hello.

W: Now Edward, I think for most people buying a house is a major life event, and probably the

single most expensive item they are ever likely to buy. What precautions do they have to take

before a real purchase? Can you give some suggestions?

M: You are right in saying buying a house costs a lot. But as to me, the most important thing to

consider before buying any property is the location.

W: Location?

M: Right. Because it is where you plan to spend a large part of your life. Or, indeed, the rest of your a very sociable person who enjoys nightclubs and discos, you may consider something close to

a city. Anyway, a city is convenient for all types of nightlife.