技术报告-尾矿库设计及评估 (英文)

Design and Evaluation of Tailings Dams

Retention dams are constructed at full height at the beginning of the disposal whereas raised embankments

are constructed in phases as the need for additional disposal capacity arises. Raised embankments begin with

a starter dike with more height added to the embankment as the volume of tailings increases in the

impoundment.

Tailings retention dams (Figure 1) are similar to water retention dams in regard to soil properties, surface

water and ground water controls, and stability considerations. They are suitable for any type of tailings and

deposition method.

Figure 1. Water-Retention Type Dam for Tailings Disposal

(Source: Vick 1990)

Raised embankments can be constructed using upstream, downstream, or centerline methods, which are

explained in more detail in a later section (see Figure 2). Each of the structures in Figure 2, for instance, is

constructed in four successive lifts, with constructing material and fill capacity increasing incrementally with

each successive lift. They have a lower initial capital cost than retention dams because fill material and

placement costs are phased over the life of the impoundment. The choices available for construction material

are increased because of the smaller quantities needed at any one time. For example, retention dams generally

use natural soil whereas raised embankments can use natural soil, tailings, and waste rock in any

combination. (Vick 1990)