中级口译笔试真题0503(6)

口译

people are exposed, but they are ineffective in reducing overall pollution.

Pollutants removed from waste flows to reduce emissions to air and water may be disposed of by burial or storage on land, practices that pose potential hazards, recent legislation requiring extensive emissions reductions has resulted in large investments in pollution-treatment technologies.

The fourth approach-changing a manufacturing process or activity in order to produce less pollution-may involve either the production of fewer residuals, by means of an improved process, or the separation and reuse of materials from the waste stream. This method of pollution control is the most effective and, as the costs of pollution control and waste disposal increase, is considered one of the most efficient.

Pollution-treatment systems have been effective in reducing the massive quantities of water and air pollutants that have clogged and choked urban areas. Although the improvements have been significant, recent pollution-control legislation aims to go further in order to control the less visible but often hazardous chemical and gaseous pollutants that still contaminate many waterways and urban atmospheres.

The costs of pollution control-resulting from capital, maintenance, and labor costs, as well as from the cost of additional residuals disposal-generally go up rapidly as a greater percentage of residuals is removed from the waste stream. Damage from pollution, on the other hand, goes down as a greater amount of contaminant is removed. Theoretically, the level of treatment should correspond to a point at which total costs of treatment and of damage to the environment are minimized or the benefits of further treatment are proportionally much smaller than the increased cost. In reality, costs or damages resulting from pollution can rarely be assessed in terms of dollars.

1. According to the passage. All of the following can be objectives of pollution control EXCEPT________.

(A) reducing polluting substances

(B) controlling all the pollutants

(C) restricting industrial activities

(D) improving the environment and human health

2. What does the author think of the second approach to pollution control?

(A) it is the most effective of the fore.

(B) it is effective in some way.

(C) it is economical but not at all effective.

3. According to the passage, recent pollution-control legislation aims to _______.

(A) control less visible as well as less hazardous chemical pollutants.

(B) increase the costs of pollution control and waste material disposal.

(C) have more strict control over less evident but often dangerous pollutants.

(D) eliminate all the hazardous chemical and gaseous pollutants.

4. Which of the following statements is NOT true, according to the passage?

(A) Laws have been made to develop pollution-treatment systems.

(B) Pollution-treatment systems have been effective in reducing the massive quantities of water and air pollutants.