After the war, he longed above all to see his wife and family.

9. as a rule: 通常、一般而言

As a rule, I only watch sports news.

Analyze the important sentences among the text:

1. First of all, let us consider the earth as a planet revolving around the sun. (p1)

译：首先，让我们把地球看作是围绕太阳运行的一颗行星。

句子分析：first of all首先，词组：consider sth as sth把 当作 ，与之类似的词组还有：

look up sth as sth; review sth as sth; treat sth as sth ; revolving around the sun是现在分词短语作定语修饰a planet。

2. These nine planets, together with the sun, make up what is called our solar system. (p1)

译：这九大行星和太阳一起构成我们所说的太阳系。

句子分析：该句主语为：These nine planets；谓语是make up；what is called our solar system是宾语；together with the sun是状语，而并非句子主语。关于该语法内容请见本讲后面的grammar---主谓一致。

3. How this wonderful system started and what kept it working with such wonderful accuracy is largely a mystery …… (p1)

译：这个奇妙的星系是怎样起源的？什么使它保持极其精确的运转，很大程度上现在还是一个谜。 句子分析：这也是一个主语很复杂的句子：How this wonderful system started and what kept it working with such wonderful accuracy是主语，它是一个主语从句。关于该语法内容请

见本讲后面的grammar---主谓一致。

4. The total water area is about three times as large as the land area. (p4)

译：水域的总面积大约是陆地面积的三倍大。

句子分析：该句的核心句型是A + be + 倍数+ as + adj + as + B.

e.g. The Atlantic Ocean is only half as big as the Pacific Ocean.

5. These currents are important because they affected the climate of the land areas close to where they flow and also because they carry large quantities of microscope animal and vegetable life which forms a large part of the food for fishes. (p5)

译：这些海洋之所以重要是因为他们影响着所流经区域的附近陆地的气候，也是因为它们携带大量的微生物，植物，而这些构成鱼类食品的一大部分。

句子分析：这是一个由because引导的主从复合句，其中close to where they flow是定语，修饰the land areas；词组：large quantities of + c.n/u.n; which forms a large part of the food for fishes是定语从句修饰animal and vegetable life。其中life是指生命，不可数名词。

6. The circumstances under which different people live make a difference between the way in which they live and the way in which we live, and it ought to be our business to try to understand those different circumstances so that we can better understand people of other lands. (p8)

译：不同民族的生活环境造就了他们和我们极为不同的生活方式，我们应该做的是去了解他们不同的生活环境以便可以更好理解其他地区的人们。

句子分析：该句中的under which和in which又是介词+which的定语从句用法，修饰The circumstances和the way；so that引导的时目的状语从句。其中：make a diference;使 不同，产生差异；business 是指责任；

7. Above all, we should avoid deciding what we think about people different from ourselves without first having learned a great deal about them and the kind of lives they have to live.

译：其中很重要的实在没有对于与我们不同的人们和他们必须过的那种生活有大量的了解之前，我们应该避免对他们有先入为主的看法。

句子分析：Above all是状语，意思是最重要的，首先；we主语；should avoid谓语；deciding what we think