亨格瑞管理会计英文第15版练习答案01(7)

查尔斯亨格瑞 管理会计 英文版第15版 北京大学出版社 练习答案01

associated with both financial and operating matters to justify two separate positions. In a small organization the same person might be both treasurer and controller.

Starting in 2010, the two parts of the CMA examination are: (1) financial planning, performance, and control, and (2) financial decision making.

This is not true. About one-third of CEOs in companies with revenues greater than $500 million come from finance or accounting backgrounds. Accounting is excellent preparation for top management positions because accountants are often exposed to many parts of the company early in their careers.

Changes in technology are affecting how accountants operate. Increasing

computing capabilities and decreasing computing costs have changed how accountants gather, store, manipulate, and report data. Today accountants must be able to account for transactions efficiently and safely, integrate their accounting systems into ERP systems, and use XBRL to communicate information electronically.

The essence of the just-in-time philosophy is the elimination of waste,

accomplished by reducing the time products spend in the production process and trying to eliminate the time spent in activities that do not add value to the product.

Moving tools and products that are in process from one location to another in a plant is an activity that does not add value to the product. So changing the plant layout to eliminate wasted movement and time improves production efficiency.

The four major responsibilities are: (1) competence - develop knowledge; know and obey laws, regulations, and technical standards; and perform appropriate analyses, (2) confidentiality - refrain from disclosing or using confidential information, (3) integrity - avoid conflicts of interest, refuse gifts that might influence actions, recognize limitations, and avoid activities that might discredit the profession, and (4) credibility - communicate information fairly, objectively, and completely, within confidentiality constraints. Standards do not always provide the needed guidance. Sometimes an action borders on being unethical, but it is not clearly a violation of an ethical standard. Other times two ethical standards conflict. In situations such as these, accountants must make ethical judgments.