亨格瑞管理会计英文第15版练习答案01(4)

查尔斯亨格瑞 管理会计 英文版第15版 北京大学出版社 练习答案01

1 & 2. Sales Costs:

Fireworks $36,000 $35,500 $500F

Labor 15,000 18,000 3,000U

Other Total cost Profit

3. The cost of fireworks was $500 ÷ $36,000 = 1.4% under budget while sales was

just 400 ÷ $75,000 = .5% under budget. Did fireworks suppliers lower their

prices? Were selling prices set higher than expected? There should be some

explanation for the lower cost of fireworks.

The labor cost was $3,000 ÷ $15,000 =20% over budget. Sales and other costs

were close to budget in percentage terms. Why was labor cost much higher than expected?

(15 - 20 min.)

1. A code of conduct is a document specifying the ethical standards of an

organization.

2. Different companies include different elements in their codes of conduct. Some of

the items included in companies’ codes of conduct include maintaining a dress code, avoiding illegal drugs, following instructions of superiors, being reliable and prompt, maintaining confidentiality, not accepting personal gifts from

stakeholders as a result of company role, avoiding racial or sexual discrimination, avoiding conflict of interest, complying with laws and regulations, not using

organization’s property for personal use, and reporting illegal or questionable

activity. Some companies have a simple code with little detail, and others have long lists of rules and regulations regarding appropriate conduct. The key is that the code of conduct must fit with the corporate culture.

3. Simply having a code of conduct does not guarantee ethical behavior by

employees. Most important is top management’s ethical example and its support of the code of conduct. A company’s performance evaluation and reward system must be consistent with its code of conduct. If unethical actions are rewarded, they will be encouraged even if they violate the code of conduct.