亨格瑞管理会计英文第15版练习答案01(5)

查尔斯亨格瑞 管理会计 英文版第15版 北京大学出版社 练习答案01

a.

b. Internal managers and external parties use accounting information: Internal reporting is used by managers for planning and controlling operations, special decision-making, and long-range planning. External reporting is used by stockholders, investors, taxing authorities,

government regulators, and other interested parties.

The emphasis of financial accounting has traditionally been on the historical data presented in the external reports. Management accounting is more future-oriented and emphasizes planning, control, and decision-making.

The branch of accounting described in the quotation is management accounting. Scorekeeping is the recording (including accumulation and classification) of data for a later evaluation of performance. Attention directing is the reporting and

interpretation of information for the purpose of focusing on inefficiencies of operation, opportunities for improvement, and imperfections and operating problems. Problem solving is analysis of alternative courses of action to evaluate the best course of action. No. GAAP applies to financial reporting for external users. Internal accounting reports are not restricted by GAAP.

Yes, though the act covers more than foreign bribes. The Foreign Corrupt Practices Act applies to all publicly-held companies and covers the quality of internal accounting control and other matters as well as bribes.

Many managers believe that the costs of applying the provisions of the Sarbanes-Oxley act are greater then the benefits. This is especially true about the mandated auditing of companies’ internal control systems.

Users cannot easily observe the quality of accounting information. Thus, they rely on the integrity of accountants to be sure the information is accurate. If accountants do not have a reputation for integrity, the information they produce will not have value to users.

No. The ethics developed as a student carry over into one’s professional life. Integrity is important at all stages of development. Students who use unethical means to achieve success are likely to try similar methods when in business.

Public accounting firms, law firms, management consultants, real estate firms, transportation companies, banks, insurance companies, and hotels are examples of service organizations. Service organizations tend to be labor intensive, have outputs that are difficult to define and measure, and have both inputs and outputs that are difficult or impossible to store.