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The characteristics of water eutrophication in Zhalong wetlands

and strategy of environmental recovery

GUO Yue-dong, DENG Wei, PAN Ji-hua

Northeast Institute of Geography and Agricultural Ecology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Changchun 130012, China

Abstract: In this paper, the author analyses the status of water eutrophication in Zhalong wetlands, and points out that the majority of water quality indexes, such as TN, TP and BOD5, have gone beyond the water quality standards seriously. Meanwhile, the author elucidates the characteristics of nutrition, then summarizes the eutrophication trend of Zhalong wetlands. Aiming at ameliorating the environment, some suggestions are brought forward, such as ensuring water supply, restoring ecology, and controlling surfacial water pollutants, and so on.

Key words: Zhalong wetlands; eutrophication; wetland recovery

400万年前的池塘

在接近北纬79°的加拿大Ellesmere岛上的泥炭沉积物中发现的一个400万年前的池塘残迹，含有代表在当今树线以北3219 km的一个地区的动植物群落的丰富材料。当这个池塘存在时，它是在树线以内，被落叶松林包围，里面生活着Dipoides，它是一种现已灭绝的“旧世界”海狸物种，只与现存海狸有远亲关系。在该池塘中保存下来的是一组种类繁多的哺乳动物，它们在东亚几乎都有近亲，包括一种已经灭绝的熊、狼獾、亚洲獾、三趾马和麝香鹿。当时的气候温度比现在高约15 ℃，与今天加拿大拉布拉多的条件差不多。（肖辉林摘自Nature, 2003, 425: 388）

亚马逊河流域沉积芯研究

对来自亚马逊河两个支流Beni河和Mamore河两岸的沉积芯所做的一项研究，显示了亚马逊冲积平原

52

一个面积为7.2×10 km的地区的沉积历史。该地区是亚马逊河的主要沉积源，这里的沉积芯表明，沉积过程与气候事件的关系非常密切，最厚的沉积层是在厄尔尼诺/南方涛动（ENSO）周期的冷期形成的。在此期间，迅速上涨的洪水将大量沉积物从安第斯山脉冲刷到这里。这意味着，由ENSO周期驱动的短暂过程控制着亚马逊冲积平原的形成，调节沉积物向下游的输送，同时调节相关的碳、营养物和污染物向亚马逊主流的输送。（肖辉林摘自Nature, 2003, 425: 493）