定语从句专项讲解

高中英语定语从句详解

◆英语谚语欣赏

1. He who knows nothing but pretends to know everything is indeed a good-for –nothing. 不懂装懂，一事无成.

2. It’s the first step that costs.千里之行，始于足下

3. He that makes himself a sheep shall be eaten by the wolf. 甘当小绵羊，迟早要喂狼. Ⅰ. 概念：

(1) 定语从句：在主从复合句中用作定语的从句叫定语从句。定语从句一般紧接在先行词(antecedent)后面。

(2) 先行词：被定语从句修饰的成份。先行词可以为一个词，短语，或整个主句。

(3) 引导定语从句的词叫关系词，分为关系代词和关系副词。

关系词的作用：

1) 引导定语从句，连接主句和从句，相当于一个连词；

2) 必在从句中作某个句子成份（可以做主语，宾语，表语，定语，状语）

常用的关系代词: that、 which、 who、whom、whose、as 、but (文语, 置于否定词之后=that/who not , "没有 不 ", 在从句中作主语，宾语)

常用的关系副词（在从句中只作状语）: when、why、 where

The student who answered the question was John.

I know the reason why he was so angry.

The boy (whom) you are talking to is my brother.

I'd like a room whose window looks out over the sea.

定语从句三步：

第一找出先行词；

第二看先行词在定语从句中的语法功能（做主语、宾语或状语）；

第三选择合适的关系词。

Ⅱ. 几个关系代词的基本用法：

●that: 可指人或物；在定语从句中作主语，宾语，表语。(指人时，相当于who或 whom；指物时，相当于which)(一般不用于非限制性定语从句; 不可置于介词后作宾语) 如：

1. A letter that/which is written in pencil is difficult to read. (主语)

2. Do you know the gentleman that/who spoke just now?

3. You can take anything ( that) you like. （宾语）

4. What is the question (that/which) they are talking about?

5. Here is the man ( who/whom/that ) you want to see.

6. She's no longer the girl ( that) she used to be before.（表语）

7. Our hometown is no longer the one (that) it used to be.

= Our hometown is not the same as it used to be.

= Our hometown is different from what it used to be。

= Our hometown is not what it used to be.

●which: 指物；在定语从句中作主语，宾语，表语，定语。如：

1. The book which/that was on the desk was bought by my father.（主语）

2. The book (which/that) I bought yesterday is very interesting.（宾语）

3. The factory in which his father works is far from here.

4. He was proud, which his brother never was. （表语）