纳米材料在生物医学中的应用

144ChemicalReviews,2010,Vol.110,No.1attachmentoffunctionalgroupsaimedatself-assemblyofsimplecircuitsortheincorporationofchemicaldopantstolimitleakagecurrentunderzerogatebias.Forsensors,lock-and-keytypebindingsitescouldprovideselectivesensitivitytoawidevarietyofanalytes.Thesemightincludechemicalwarfareagentsorevenbiologicalspecies.

Third,industrialuseofgrapheneasatransparentconductorcouldhavehugeimplicationsforthesolarindustry.Assyntheticroutesimprove,theprospectofreplacingITOwithalow-costcarbon-basedcoatingseemsfeasible.Thiswouldnotonlyremovesigni cantuncertaintyabouttheavailabilityandcostofindiumbutalsoenablenonevaporativeroll-to-rollprocessingoftransparentconductors.

8.Conclusions

The eldofgraphene-relatedresearchhasgrownataspectacularpacesincesingle-layer akeswere anicandmaterialschemistsarebusilyworkingonnewsyntheticroutestohigh-qualitysinglelayers,whileengineersaredesigningnoveldevicestoexploitgraphene’sextraordinaryproperties.Inlightofsuchcollaborations,itisdif culttobelievethatthefutureforgrapheneisanythingbutbright.

9.Acknowledgments

TheauthorswouldliketothanktheNationalScienceFoundation’sNSF-IGERTprogram,theUCLA-basedFunc-tionalEngineeringNanoArchitechtonicsFocusedCenterResearchProgram(FENA-FCRP),theDARPACERAprogram,andNorthrop-Grumman/UCDiscoveryfor nancialsupport.

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