(inadequate)

5 The professor was writing very quickly in his notebook. (scribbling)

6 Many immigrants came to America to escape extremely bad treatmentbecause of their race, religion or political beliefs in their own countries. (persecution) 5 Answer the questions about the expressions.

1 I’m in heaven Does this mean I’m (a) delighted, or (b)unhappy?

2 ideas don’t drop fully formed from the skies Does this mean thatideas (a) need to be developed with careful thinking, or (b) areimmediately created through good teaching?

3 in the long run Does this mean (a) at a timein the future, or (b) with a great deal of effort?

4 frighten the life out of someone Does this mean (a) to makesomeone very ill, or (b) to make someone extremely afraid andnervous?

Language in use

with / without

1 Match the sentences with the uses of with /without .

1 (a) 2 (b) 3 (a) 4 (c) 5 (c) 6 (d)

2 Rewrite the sentences using with / without.

1 Her tutor moves his head from side to side. He spills his coffee intothe saucer. With his head moving from side to side, her tutor spills his coffee intothe saucer. 2 “Splendid,” he says. He doesn’t wait for an answer.

“Splendid,” he says, without waiting for an answer.

3 Frank McCourt speaks in class. He has an Irish accent.

Frank McCourt speaks in class with an Irish accent.

4 He plans to go on the subway. He has the books covered in purple andwhite NYU jackets.

He plans to go on the subway with the books covered in purple and whiteNYU jackets. 5 He’s only allowed to take two courses. He isn’t told why.

He’s only allowed to take two courses without being told why.

6 He would like to ask a question. He doesn’t like to raise his hand.

He would like to ask a question without raising his hand.

collocations

3 Read the explanations of the words andexpressions. Answer the questions.

1 climb When you climb into / out of / throughsomething, you do it with difficulty. (a) So why does the writer’s father climb out of the room?

Because the room is very small.

(b) Why would you climb into bed?

You would climb into bed if you are so tired that it feels like a hugeeffort. (c) If you climb through a hole, what do you do with your body?

You would probably need to bend over, and crawl through the hole.

2 spill This word usually suggests several ideas: liquid,accidentally, movement and out of control.

(a) What has happened if you’ve spilt coffee all over your desk?