初中英语语法--时态(7)

本文档包括初中阶段所学的英语时态的结构和用法

注:若其后不是接名词,而是接副词,则不用to.如:

He has been abroad many times. 他多次出国。

He has gone home. 他回家去了。

7.现在完成时与一般过去时的区别

现在完成时的已完成用法很容易与一般过去时相混淆,其区别是:前者强调对现在的影响和结果,后者不强调这个影响和结果,而是强调这个动作发生的时间是在过去。如:

Has he got up? 他起来了吗? (着眼现在情况)

Did you get up very early? 你起来很早吗? (着眼动作本身)

I ve got no news from him. 我没听到他的消息。(不知道他的情况怎样)

I got the news from Jim. 这消息我是从吉姆那听来的。(单纯谈论动作)

六．过去完成时 The Past Perfect Tense 构成： "助动词had（通用于各种人称和数）+过去分词构成。

用法：过去完成时表示在过去某一时间或动作之前已经发生或完成了的动作。它表示动作发生的时间，过去的过去，与by、before等构成的短语连用。

I had finished writing my composition by 10:00 this morning. 今天上午10：00点以前，我已经写完了我的作文。

She had searched the internet for two hours when she found an ad for the Canon digital camera.

He said that he had never seen such a beautiful bird before.

How many English flushed had you seen by the end of last term?

注：如果时间状语从句的动作发生在前，则从句用过去完成时，主句用一般 过去时。

When he had finished his work , he left his office .

After I had done my homework , I went to bed.

一般过去时与过去完成时的比较：

1）过去完成时表示过去某一时间或某个动作之前已经发生的动作或存在的状态。它是个相对的状态，只有在与过去某一时间或某一动作相比较时才会用到它。而一般过去时则表示某一个时间发生了某事或在过去