2014年6月大学英语六级考试真题含答案解析(7)

B冤Therearetwowidelycirculatednarrativestoexplainwhat爷sgoingon.TheKeynesiannarrativeisthattherehasbeenamajordropinaggregatedemand.Accordingtothisnarrative,theslumpcanbelargelycuredbyusingmonetaryandfiscal渊财政的冤stimulus.Themainanti-Keynesiannarrativeisthatbusinessesaresufferingfromuncertaintyandover-regulation.Accordingtothisnarrative,theslumpcanbecuredbyhavingthegovernmentcommittoandfollowamorehands-offapproach.

C冤Iwanttosuggestathirdinterpretation.Withoutrulingoutaroleforaggregatedemandorfortheregulatoryenvironment,Iwishtosuggestthatstructuralchangeisanimportantfactorinthecur-rentrateofhighunemployment.Theeconomyisinastateoftransition,inwhichthemid-dle-classjobsthatemergedafterWorldWarIIhavebeguntodecline.AsErikBrynjolfssonandAndrewMcAfeeputitinarecente-bookRaceAgainsttheMachine:野Therootofourproblemsisnotthatwe爷reinagreatrecession,oragreatstagnation渊停滞冤,butratherthatweareintheearlythroes渊阵痛冤ofagreatrestructuring.冶

D冤Infact,IbelievethattheGreatDepressionofthe1930scanalsobeinterpretedinpartasaneco-nomictransition.Theimpactoftheinternalcombustionengine渊内燃机冤andthesmallelectricmotoronfarmingandmanufacturingreducedthevalueofuneducatedlabourers.Instead,bythe1950s,amiddleclassoflargelyclerical渊从事文秘工作的冤workerswasthemostsignificantpartofthelabourforce.Between1930and1950,theUnitedStateseconomyunderwentaGreatTransition.Demandfellforhumaneffortsuchaslifting,squeezing,andhammering.Demandin-creasedforworkerswhocouldreadandfollowdirections.Theevolutionaryprocesseventuallychangedusfromanationoflabourerstoanationofclerks.

E冤Theproportionofemploymentclassifiedas野clericalworkers冶grewfrom5.2%in1910toapeakof19.3percentin1980.渊However,by2000thisproportionhadedgeddownto17.4%.冤Over-all,workersclassifiedasclericalworkers,technicalworkers,managers,officialsexceeded50%ofthelabourforceby2000.Correspondingdeclinestookplaceinthemanualoccupations.Workersclassifiedaslabourers,otherthanfarmhandsorminers,peakedat11.4%ofthelabourforcein1920butwerebarely6%by1950andlessthan4%by2000.Farmersandfarmlabourersfellfrom33%ofthelabourforcein1910tolessthan15%by1950andonly1.2%in2000.

F冤Theintroductionofthetractorandimprovementsinthefactoryrapidlyreducedthedemandforuneducatedworkers.Bythe1930s,amarginalfarmhandcouldnotproduceenoughtojustifyhisemployment.Sharecropping,nevermuchbetterthanasubsistenceoccupation,wasnolongervi鄄able渊可行的冤.Meanwhile,machineswerereplacingmanufacturingoccupationslikecigar

六级2014.6要7