One of the first great American feminists, she fought for social reform and women’s right to vote.

31 Henry Clay

One of America’s greatest legislators and orators, he forged compromises that held off civil war for decades.

32 Albert Einstein

His greatest scientific work was done in Europe, but his humanity earned him undying fame in America.

33 Ralph Waldo Emerson

The bard of individualism, he relied on himself—and told us all to do the same.

34 Jonas Salk

His vaccine for polio eradicated one of the world’s worst plagues.

35 Jackie Robinson

He broke baseball’s color barrier and embodied integration’s promise.

36 William Jennings Bryan

“The Great Commoner” lost three presidential elections, but his populism transformed the country.

37 J. P. Morgan

The great financier and banker was the prototype for all the Wall Street barons who followed.

38 Susan B. Anthony

She was the country’s most eloquent voice for women’s equality under the law.

39 Rachel Carson

The author of Silent Spring was godmother to the environmental movement.

40 John Dewey

He sought to make the public school a training ground for democratic life.