完成态瞬间动词变延续性动词规则表

发布时间:2024-08-27

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延续性动词与终止性动词:

动词按其动作发生的方式,动作发生过程的长短,分为延续性动词和终止性动词。

延续性动词表示的动词是一种延续的动作,这种动词可以延续下去或产生持久的影响。如:learn,work,stand,lie,know,walk,keep, have,wait,watch,sing,read,sleep,live终止性动词也称非延续性动词、瞬间动词,表示的动作不能延续,即动作发生立即结束,产生某种结果。在有了某种结果之后,就不能再继续下去。如:leave,start,set out,arrive,reach,get to,begin, stop,shut,turn off,marry,put,put on,get up,wake,fall,join,receive, finish,end,complete,become,come,go,die,close,open,break,give, jump,buy,borrow等。

1.终止性动词的用法

1)终止性动词可用来表示某一动作的完成,因此可用于现在完成时。如:

The plane has arrived飞机到了。

I have finished my homework.我已完成了作业。

2)终止性动词表示的动作极其短暂,不能持续,所以其现在完成时(只限于肯定式)不能和表示一段时间的状语连用。如:

①他死了三年了。误:He has died for three years.

②他来这儿三个月了。误:he has come here for three months.

①②两句中的动词die和come都为终止性动词,它们可用于完成时,但不能同表示一段时间的状语for three years /months连用。那这两句如何译成英语呢?我们可采用下列方法:

A.用能够表示持续状态的相应的延续性动词替换句中的终止性动词。如:

①He has been dead for three years.

②He has been here for three months.

将短暂性动词改为相应的延续性动词或短语和一段时间连用,其常用的方法有如下几种: a.用相应的延续性动词替换的主要有:buy→have,borrow→ keep,come /go /become→be,catch /get a cold→have a cold,get to know→know等。

b.be+名词:join the Party /League→be a Party /League member, go to school→be a student,join the army→be a soldier等。

c.be+形容词/副词:die→be dead,leave→be away(from),put on→be on,finish /end→be over,begin /start→be on,come→be here / in,fall asleep→be asleep,go out→be out等。 d.be+介词短语:go to school→be in /at school,join the army→ be in the army等。

e.去掉短语中的短暂性动词:get to know→know,come to work→work,begin to study→study等。B.把误句中表示一段时间的状语改为表示过去时间的状语,原动词的完成时改为过去时。如:

①He died three years ago.

②He came here three months ago.

C.用“It is /has been +一段时间+since(一般过去时)”结构。如:

①It is /has been three years since he died.

②It is /has been three months since he came here.

D.用“多长时间+has passed +since(一般过去时)”结构。如:

①Three years has passed since he died.

②Three months has passed since he came here.

3)终止性动词现在完成时的否定式,已成为一种可以延续的状态,因此可以和表示一段时间的状语连用。如: I haven't heard from him for two weeks.我已两个星期没收到他的信了.

4)终止性动词的否定式同until一起连用,构成“not...until”结构,意为“直到……才……”,

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表示这个动作直到until所表达的时间到来时才发生。如:

We won't go to visit the Great Wall until the rain stops.直到雨停了我们才会去参观长城。 —When did you go to bed last night?昨晚你几点钟点上床睡觉的?

—I didn't go to bed until my father got home.直到我爸爸到家我才上床睡觉。

5)在while(表示“一段时间”)引导的从句中,不能用终止性动词,但when可以,因为when可表示“时间的点”,也可表示“一段时间”。如:

误:While I got to the village,it was dark.

正:When I got to the village,it was dark.

6)终止性动词肯定式的完成时不能和how long连用。如:

误:How long have you borrow the book?

可改用延续性动词或与when连用的一般过去时。

正:How long have you kept the book? 正:When did you borrow the book?

2.延续性动词的用法

1)延续性动词可以用于现在完成时,其完成时可以同一段时间状语连用。如:I have waited for him for nearly two hours.我等他快两个小时了。

2)终止性动词不能和表一段时间的状语连用。同样,延续性动词也不能和表示短暂时间的时间点连用。如: 误:It rained at eight yesterday morning. rain为延续性动词,而at eight是表示时间点的状语,显然矛盾。如果要用延续性动词表示一瞬间的行为,可以借助come,get, begin等终止性动词来表达。上句可改为: It began to rain at eight yesterday morning.

3)在until引导的时间状语从句中,若主句的谓语动词是持续性动词,既可以用肯定形式,也可以用否定形式,但句子含义不同。试比较:

She listened to the radio until her father came back.她一直听收音机到她父亲回来。 She didn't listen to the radio until her father came back.直到她父亲回来才听收音机。

【强化训练】 (1)My brother ____ the Youth League for two years.

A.has been in B.has entered C.has taken part in D.has joined in

⑵—____have you been away from home? —(I have been away from home)For five years.

A.How much B.What time C.How long D.When

(3)The meeting ____ for five hours.

A.has finished B.has ended C.has been over D.has stopped

(4)When Jack arrived,he and Mary______ for almost an hour.

A.had gone B.had set off C.had left D.had been away

(5)The baby ____ for eleven hours.

A.fell asleep B.has fallen asleep C.has got to sleep D.has been asleep

(6)While I ____ Beijing,it was raining very hard. A.got to B.reached C.arrived in D.visited

(7)—How long have you ____ ? —Since two years ago.

A.fallen ill B.been ill C.left home D.married

(8)—What was the party like? —Wonderful.It's years ____ I enjoyed myself so much.

A.after B.when C.before D.since

(9)—It is weeks since he ____ . —So it is.We'd better ask someone else to help us.

A.fell ill B.was ill C.is ill D.has been ill

(10)I'll lend you my book,but you can only__it for three days.

A.borrow B.keep C.take D.got

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