华兹华斯诗歌的自然主义解读(6)

斯对普通人的信心，使他相信人性是高贵的。经历法国大革命的变质带给他理想幻灭和爱情挫折之后，他曾一度失去对人性的信赖；但在湖区美丽的大自然中，由于与自然靠得更近，与和自然融为一体的牧人与普通劳动者的接触，以及妹妹多萝西的影响，他恢复了对人类的信念，看到了人类社会的光明。他开始了对自然与人、自然与人生的深沉的哲学思考。他的自传体长诗《序曲》在《序曲·第十一章》就记载了他从对大自然的爱发展到对人类的爱发展到对人类的爱，从对大自然的情感发展到对人生善德恶行的剖析，是他一生探索的归宿。他在湖区美丽的大自然中，在与乡间平民的接触中，积极探索救赎人类心灵的途径。因此，他对于最接近自然状态的纯朴的人们也极其重视。1798年他在We Are Se中写自己遇见一个8岁的山村小女孩，让我们看看诗人与小女孩的对话：

“Sisters and brothers, Little Maid,……

How many may you be?”

And wondering looked at me.

“How many? Seven in all,” she said,

“And where are they? I pray you tell.”

She answered, “seven are we;

And two of us at Conway dwell,

And two are gone to sea.”

“Tow of us in the churchyard lie,

My sister and my brother;

And in the churchyard cottage, I

Dwell near them with my mother.”

……

“How many are you, then, said I ,

If they two are in heaven?”

Quick was the little Mail’s reply,

“O master! We are seven.”

“But they are dead; those two are dead!

Their spirits are in heaven!”

She was throwing words away; for still

The little Maid would have her will,

And said, “Nay, we are seven!”

从诗中看出这位天真烂漫的小姑娘，不知生死为何物，七个人死掉两个，还剩五个，尽管诗人一再启发她，可她还是照着她自己的思路回答：“我们是七个。”这样纯朴的女孩不正体现了诗人要追求的“真”吗？在华兹华斯看来，像这样的人的本性没有被资本主义自私的、虚伪的、反自然的城市生活所异化，而是同自然的没保持一致。他的另一首《Lucy Gray》用回忆的笔法写了一名殁于暴风雪的小女孩露西·葛雷。这位小姑娘明知晚上有一场暴风雪，却不顾自身安危、愿遵福父命、提着灯笼。踏着雪去镇上接妈妈回家。结果从桥中间滑下河心丧身，诗人再也无法往下写了，而以想象之笔写到：

……Yet some maintain that to this day……

She is a living child;

That you may see sweat Lucy Gray

Upon the lonesome wild.

……