初中英语语法三大从句汇总(2)

关系副词where代替的先行词表示的是地点，where在定语从句作地点状语。

During the Spring Festival I went back to the town where I was brought up.

春节期间，我回到了生我养我的家乡。（where的先行词是town）

（三）关系副词why的用法

关系副词why代替的先行词表示的是原因，why在定语从句作原因状语。

The reason why I am phoning you is to ask you whether you have got my email.

我打电话给你的原因是想问问你是否收到了我的电子邮件。（why先行词是reason， 当代英语里why可以用that替代，这时关系代词that就变成了表示原因的关系副词，还可以将why省略）

三、特殊关系代词as引导的定语从句

（一）在固定搭配as…as, so…as, such…as, the same…as中，as引导定语从句

You may take as many books as you want.

你想要拿多少书就拿多少。（第一个as是副词，修饰many的；第二个as才是关系代词，代替先行词books，在定语从句中作宾语）

（二）独立于主句之外，as引导定语从句

As we know/ As is known to us, the earth turns around the sun. 正如我们所知，地球围绕太阳旋转。 （As we know和 As is known to us均为定语从句，as分别作宾语和主语，替代后面的主句。） Taiwan is, as you know, an inseparable part of China.

你知道，台湾是中国不可分割的一部分。（关系代词as指代整个主句，在定语从句中作宾语。）

四、关系代词who, which与that的区别

（一）关系代词who与that的区别

1. 当关系代词用作主语时，多用主格who。He who loses hope loses all.

失去希望的人就失去一切。（先行词为代词he, they, any, all, one等时，多用who）

I met Alice, who told me that she was learning Chinese.

我遇见艾丽斯，她告诉我她在学汉语。（在非限制性定语从句中，用who）

2. 当关系代词用作介词后的宾语时，用宾格whom，不用that。

The man to whom our headmaster talked just now is our English teacher.

我们校长刚才与他谈话的那个人是我们的英语老师。（介词与关系代词紧密相连时，只能用宾格whom，不可用主格who）

注意：介词与关系代词不是紧密相连时，或者说介词放在句子后面时，这时可以用主格who，也可用that，还可以省略关系代词。因此，上面的这句话还可以有如下四种说法：

(1) The man whom our headmaster talked to just now is our English teacher.

(2) The man who our headmaster talked to just now is our English teacher.

(3) The man that our headmaster talked to just now is our English teacher.

(4) The man our headmaster talked to just now is our English teacher.

3. 当关系代词泛指人时，多用that。

He is a man that is never afraid of failure.

他是个从不怕失败的人。（that用来泛指人）

4. 当关系代词出现在who开头的疑问句时，应用that。例如：

Who is the girl that is talking to Tom in English?

用英语同汤姆交谈的那个女孩是谁？（避免重复使用who，以免造成误解或语义含混不清）

（二）关系代词which与that的区别

1. 当先行词为all, much, little以及不定代词anything, something, everything等时，关系代词多用that。