信息可视化研究综述(3)

发布时间:2021-06-08

第1期杨彦波,等:信息可视化研究综述93tion),displaymulti—dimensionaldatabycircularcoordinate.Scatterplotmatrixarrangeseverydemensionsofmultidimensionaldatatobecombinedintopairwisemode,drawingaseriesofregularscatters.Iconwasusedtodescribethemulti—dimensionaldatabyitsgeometricalfeaturesincludingsize,length,formandcolor,etc.IconmethodsincludestargraphandChernofffacemethod.Animationusedforvisualizationcanimprovethedegreeofinteractingandunderstanding.,butwithshortcomingssuchas:distraction,misunderstandingandvisualclutter.

Timeserialdatareferstodatasetswithtimeproperty.Thevisualizationmethodsincludelinechart,stockchart,anima—tion,horizongraphandTimeline.

Hierarchicaldatacanbeusedtodescribeobjectwhoseattributesarerankandlevel.Itsvisualizationmethodsincludelink—ingpointgraphandtreemap.Treemapdisplayshierarchicaldatabynestinghoopandlump.Fordisplayingmorecontent,basedon”Focus+Content”technology,somemethodswereputforwardincluding”fisheyes”technology,geometrydeforma—tion,Semanticzoomingandclustering.Networkdatahasnetworkstructure.Layoutalgorithmisthecoreofvisualizationofnetworkdata。whichincludesthreeclasses:Force-DirectedLayout,HierarchicalLayoutandGridLayout.Whenthere'remanydataconnectionnodes,edgecorssoverphenomenonhappens,causingvisualconfusion.Therewereavarietyoftechniquesforresolvingtheedgebundling,includinghierarchicaledgebundling,force-directededgebundling,geometry—basededgecluste—ring,multi—levelagglomerativeedgebundling,andgrid—basedmethods.

Otherresearchhotspotsincluderesearchonvisualfeature,adaptivevisualizationandevaluationofinformationvisualiza—tion.

Effectofvisualfeaturesuchasposition,length,area,shapeandcolor,etc.onvisualresulthasreceivedconsiderableat—tention.Colorisoneofmostimportantvisualfactor,soresearchfocusesonthecolorselectionprincipleandinteractionsystem,whicharebasedondatatype,quantity,andcognitiveconstraints.

Adaptivevisualizationcanenhanceadaptabilityofinformationvisualization,whichincludesadaptivedisplay,adaptivere—sourcemodel.andadaptiveusermodelaccordingtoresearchofDomik&GutkaufandGrawemeyer&Cox.Adaptivedisplayprovidesautomaticandsuitabledisplayfordifferentusers,includingselectingcontentandlayout,adjustingvisualfeaturesau—tomatically.Adaptiveresourcemodelmeansutilizinghardwareandsoftwaretoenhancevisualperformance.Adaptiveusermodelmeansdisplayingusermodelinordertoeditandcontrolcontent.

Morseeta1.notesthattheresearchonevaluationofinformationvisualizationsisrare。Evaluationondirectandgeneralin—formationvisualizationwasnotinvolvedinsomeresearch.So,itisneededtododeepresearchonthetheoreticalbasis,methodandapplicationofinformationvisualizationevaluation.

Technologyandapplicationofinformationvisualizationshouldbedevelopedinfouraspects,displayingdatadirectlyper—ceivedthroughthesenses,miningandshowingrelationbetweendata,strengtheningdemonstrationofaestheticsandartistry,enhancingperformanceofinteractionandoperationonreal—timedata.Daieta1.notedthatresearchdirectionofinformationvisualizationwasCollaboration,Analytics,ComputationalandSense-making.Researchdirectionsinfutureisasfollowing.

Visualizationanddatamining:topromoteefficiencyandavoidvisualclutterinprocessinghugedata,informationvisualiza—tionshouldbecombinedwithdataminingsothatusercanoperatehugedataanddiscoverimplicitinformation.

Collaborativevisualization:Collaborativevisualizationincludesinterfacedesign,collaborativeplatformbasedonweb,viewdesign,workflowdesign,andapplicationoftechnology.

Applicationinmorefields:statisticsvisualizationreferstoprocessingandhandlingthestatisticalprocessdataandresultsbymethodofgeometry,animation,andgraphett.Newsvisualizationreferstopresentingdiverselyanalysisresultsaftergrasp—ing,cleaning,anddrawingnewscorpus.Socialnetworkvisualizationreferstodisplayingandrevealingrelation,comparison,andtrendofsocialnetworkthroughintegrationofdimensionsoftimeandspace.Searchlogvisualizationreferstodisplayinghugesearchingbehaviorwhenusingasearchengine。Usergsearchbehavior,relationshipsandpatternsarepresentedvisually.Keywords:informationvisualization;visualizationtechnology;human-machineinteraction;datamining

可视化技术起源于20世纪80年代出现的科学计算可视化[1]。“信息可视化”一词最早出现在RO—BERTSON等1989年发表的文章《用于交互性用户界面的认知协处理器》中[2]。信息可视化是可视化技术在非空间数据领域的应用,是将数据信息转化为视觉形式的过程,可以增强数据呈现效果,让用户以直观交互的方式实现对数据的观察和浏览,从而发现数据中隐藏的特征、关系和模式。信息可视化的图表形式最早出现于18世纪,历史和政治学家PLAYFAIR和数学家LAMBERT首次创建了可视化图表,他们认为将复杂的数据转化为图表可以帮助人们了解数据。19世纪的法国科学家MINARD和MAREY首次采用非纯

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