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is true. The problem is that this kind of freedom cannot easily be given in the modern factory with its complicated machinery which must be used in a fixed way. Thus while freedom of choice may be important, there is usually very little that can be done to create it.

Another very important consideration is how each worker contributes to the product he is making. In most factories the worker sees only one part of the product. Some car factories are now experimenting with having many small production lines rather than one large one, so that each worker contributes more to the production of the cars on his line. It would seem that not only is degree of the worker contribution an important factor, therefore, but it is also one weir can do something about.

To what extent does more money lead to greater productivity? The workers themselves certainly think this is important. But perhaps they want more money only because the work they do is boring. Money just lets them enjoy their spare time more.

A similar argument may explain demands for shorter working hours. Perhaps if we succeed in making their jobs more interesting, they will neither want more money, nor will shorter working hours be so important to them.

41. Which of the following is the best way to make workers wore harder according to the author?

A. Increasing their pay. B. Giving them more spare time.

C. Making the work itself interesting. D. Replacing large production lines with small ones.

42. According to Paragraph 2, different from the first group of experts, some other experts believe that .

A. jobs should be made more interesting B. factories should have more complicated machinery

C. workers’ wages must be sufficiently increased

D. workers should be given the freedom to do their jobs in their own way

43. For a worker on an assembly line in a car factory, the job is not enjoyable because A. he can only make a part of a car B. he does not know what he is doing

C. his life in spare time is more interesting D. the importance of his job is not clear to him

44. In the article, the underlined word “productivity” means .

A. the activity of producing something B. the production volume in a time unit

C. the plan and the method of production D. both the quantity and quality of a product

45. The best title for this passage may be A. “how to make workers enjoy life better” B. “how to make workers work for shorter hours”

C. “how to make workers more productive” D. “how to make job more interesting for workers”

C

There are many types of reports. A report is simply an account of something that has happened. The most common are news reports. We get them in newspapers, over radio and on television. Sometimes cinemas also show us newsreels (新闻影片). The main purpose of a newspaper is to supply news. If you examine a newspaper closely, you will find that there are all types of news : accidents, floods, fires, wars, fashions (时装), sports, books etc. The news covers everything that happens to people and their surroundings. Sometimes there are news items which are very interesting.

A news report is usually very short, except when it is about something very important, but it contains plenty of information. It is also written in short paragraphs. The first paragraph is in fact a summary of the news item. It gives all the necessary information …what, when, where, how and why. The other paragraphs give full details of the subjects. There may also be interviews with people. The words actually spoken by them are within quotation marks.

Often there are photographs to go with the news to make it more interesting.

46. To interest more people the publishers A. sometimes supply long and important news B. usually print pictures to go with the news

C. usually produce interesting news D. always ask news reporters to write very short news

47. Most probably the writer thinks the easiest way to get today’s news is .

A. to listen to the music over radios B. to watch an expensive color TV

C. to read today’s newspapers D. to talk with many people

48. If you want to get enough information about yesterday’s flood within a very short time, you’d better

A. read the last but one paragraph of the news report in today’ newspaper